One　hurdle　in　developing　transition　metal　oxide　(TMO)　catalysts　for　aerobic　oxidation　reactions　is　their　need　for　a　low　binding　energy　of　the　lattice　oxygen　(O-L)　to　create　active　O-L　and　a　high　O-L　binding　energy　to　maintain　structural　stability　during　catalysis.　In　this　work,　we　prepared　amorphous　Zr-doped　manganese　oxide　(amor-Zr:MnOx)　catalysts　carrying　dual　lattice　oxygens　that　can　address　such　conflicting　objectives　in　catalyst　development.　In　the　aerobic　oxidation　of　5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural　(HMF),　the　amor-Zr0.2MnOx　catalyst　gave　99%　selectivity　for　2,5-furandicarboxylic　acid　(FDCA)　and　a　high　FDCA　formation　rate　of　3600　mu　mol(FDCA)　g(cat)(-1)　h(-1)　in　1　h.　To　the　best　of　our　knowledge,　the　aerobic　oxidation　performance　of　the　amor-Zr0.2MnOx　catalyst　is　superior　to　those　of　most　Mn-based　and　related　TMO-based　catalysts　under　comparable　conditions.　Experimental　and　theoretical　studies　show　that　the　O-L　in　amor-Zr:　MnOx　can　be　divided　into　two　groups.　One　group　includes　the　more　stable　O-L　that　strengthens　the　catalyst　structure　and　prevents　phase　transition,　while　the　other　group　includes　the　more　reactive　O-L　that　improves　catalyst　activity　through　the　strong　adsorption/activation　of　O-2　and　helps　regenerate　O-L　during　catalysis.