The　alternative　use　of　electric　energy　by　renewable　energy　to　supply　power　for　catalytic　oxidation　of　pollutants　is　a　sustainable　technology,　requiring　a　competent　catalyst　to　realize　efficient　utilization　of　light　and　drive　the　catalytic　reaction.　Herein,　in　situ-synthesized　manganese　oxide　heterostructure　composites　are　developed　through　solvothermal　reduction　and　subsequent　calcination　of　amorphous　manganese　oxide　(AMO).　95%　of　toluene　conversion　and　80%　of　CO2　mineralization　were　achieved　over　amorphous　manganese　oxide　calcined　at　250　degrees　C　(AMO-250)　under　light　irradiation,　and　catalyst　stability　was　maintained　for　at　least　40　h.　Highly　utilization　of　light　energy,　uniformly　dispersed　nanoparticles,　large　specific　surface　area,　improved　metal　reducibility,　and　oxygen　desorption　and　migration　ability　at　low　temperature　contribute　to　the　good　catalytic　oxidation　activity　of　AMO-250.　Light　activated　more　lattice　oxygen　to　participate　in　the　reaction　via　the　Mars-van　Krevelen　(MvK)　mechanism,　and　traditional　e--h+　photocatalytic　behavior　exists　over　the　AMO-250　heterostructure　composite　as　an　auxiliary　degradation　path.　The　reaction　pathways　of　photothermocatalysis　and　thermocatalysis　are　close,　except　for　the　emergence　of　different　copolymers,　where　light　enhances　the　deep　conversion　of　intermediates.　A　proof-of　concept　study　under　natural　sunlight　has　confirmed　the　feasibility　of　practical　application　in　the　photothermocatalytic　degradation　of　pollutants.