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The thermal-oxidative aging of asphalt is extensively researched in recent years. However, the aging behavior of asphalt in salt and water environment receives less attention. A virgin asphalt binder was treated by various coupling conditions of salt and water in this work aiming at understanding the aging behaviors, and then the physical indexes, rheological parameters, chemical structures, four fractions and contact angles of asphalt before and after aging were measured to evaluated the effects of different aging environments on the physicochemical properties of asphalt. Results indicate that the aged asphalt has higher softening point and complex modulus while lower penetration and phase angle in comparison with unaged asphalt, implying the asphalt becomes harder and more brittle after aging. Although asphalt aged in salt and water conditions exhibits similar changes in macro-properties to thermal-oxidative aged asphalt, the analysis of chemical composition indicates that the aging of asphalt under salt and water environment is caused by unique inducements, which can be divided into two parts, that is, separating out of aromatics and saturates from asphalt by combined action of salt out and emulsification, and increasing of asphaltenes and resins caused by oxidation. These two factors work together leading to the change of colloidal structure and finally cause the deteriorate of macro-properties. Besides, the results of contact angle test indicate the increasing polar functional groups resulting from aging enhance hydrophily of asphalt and increase the possibility of water to enter the interior of asphalt, exacerbating the performance degradation of asphalt. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
Keyword :
Aging evaluation Asphalt Colloidal structure Polar functional groups Salt-water coupling effect
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GB/T 7714 | Xu, S. , Cai, S. , Huang, R. et al. Investigation of aging behaviors of asphalt under the coupling conditions of salt and water [J]. | Fuel , 2024 , 365 . |
MLA | Xu, S. et al. "Investigation of aging behaviors of asphalt under the coupling conditions of salt and water" . | Fuel 365 (2024) . |
APA | Xu, S. , Cai, S. , Huang, R. , Xu, K. , Ma, Z. , Fang, L. et al. Investigation of aging behaviors of asphalt under the coupling conditions of salt and water . | Fuel , 2024 , 365 . |
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This study examines the temporal changes in income segregation within the ambient population around the clock using mobile phone big data. It employs ordinal entropy, a metric suited for measuring segregation among ordered groups, to quantify the level of segregation among eight income groups within micro-geographic units throughout the 24-h period on a weekday and a weekend day in the urban core of Guangzhou, China. The study further decomposes daily segregation by location and time profile. We identify urban functions and neighborhood contexts relevant for income segregation and explore their temporal variation. Using group-based trajectory analysis, we classify daily segregation trends among 400 m urban grids into seven distinct trajectories for both weekday and weekend. Our findings confirm that segregation fluctuates constantly. The role of local urban functions, particularly retail, accommodation, and offices, and neighborhood context, such as the number of residents and the share of non-local migrants, exhibits a significant temporal rhythm. The seemingly convoluted 24-h segregation time series among urban grids follow just a few distinct trajectories with clear geographical patterns. There is limited variability at individual grids both over the course of a day and across days. Shifts across different trajectory types between weekday and weekend are rare. The dynamic daily segregation in the ambient population per se may be an enduring characteristic of neighborhoods and a real-time channel for neighborhood contextual influences, potentially fueling long-term residential segregation and neighborhood change. © The Author(s) 2024.
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GB/T 7714 | Cai, L. , Song, G. , Zhang, Y. . Understanding neighborhood income segregation around the clock using mobile phone ambient population data [J]. | Humanities and Social Sciences Communications , 2024 , 11 (1) . |
MLA | Cai, L. et al. "Understanding neighborhood income segregation around the clock using mobile phone ambient population data" . | Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 11 . 1 (2024) . |
APA | Cai, L. , Song, G. , Zhang, Y. . Understanding neighborhood income segregation around the clock using mobile phone ambient population data . | Humanities and Social Sciences Communications , 2024 , 11 (1) . |
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Highly permeable particulate matter (PM) can carry various bacteria, viruses and toxics and pose a serious threat to public health. Nevertheless, current respirators typically sacrifice their thickness and base weight for high-performance filtration, which inevitably causes wearing discomfort and significant consumption of raw materials. Here, we show a facile yet massive splitting eletrospinning strategy to prepare an ultrathin, ultralight and radiative cooling dual-scale fiber membrane with about 80% infrared transmittance for high-protective, comfortable and sustainable air filter. By tailoring antibacterial surfactant-triggered splitting of charged jets, the dual-scale fibrous filter consisting of continuous nanofibers (44 ± 12 nm) and submicron-fibers (159 ± 32 nm) is formed. It presents ultralow thickness (1.49 μm) and base weight (0.57 g m−2) but superior protective performances (about 99.95% PM0.3 removal, durable antibacterial ability) and wearing comfort of low air resistance, high heat dissipation and moisture permeability. Moreover, the ultralight filter can save over 97% polymers than commercial N95 respirator, enabling itself to be sustainable and economical. This work paves the way for designing advanced and sustainable protective materials. © The Author(s) 2024.
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GB/T 7714 | Yang, Y. , Li, X. , Zhou, Z. et al. Ultrathin, ultralight dual-scale fibrous networks with high-infrared transmittance for high-performance, comfortable and sustainable PM0.3 filter [J]. | Nature Communications , 2024 , 15 (1) . |
MLA | Yang, Y. et al. "Ultrathin, ultralight dual-scale fibrous networks with high-infrared transmittance for high-performance, comfortable and sustainable PM0.3 filter" . | Nature Communications 15 . 1 (2024) . |
APA | Yang, Y. , Li, X. , Zhou, Z. , Qiu, Q. , Chen, W. , Huang, J. et al. Ultrathin, ultralight dual-scale fibrous networks with high-infrared transmittance for high-performance, comfortable and sustainable PM0.3 filter . | Nature Communications , 2024 , 15 (1) . |
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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is regarded as the deadliest subtype of breast cancer because of its high heterogeneity, aggressiveness, and limited treatment options. Toxoflavin has been reported to possess antitumor activity. In this study, a series of toxoflavin analogs were synthesized, among which D43 displayed a significant dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the proliferation of TNBC cells (MDA-MB-231 and HCC1806). Additionally, D43 inhibited DNA synthesis in TNBC cells, leading to cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Furthermore, D43 consistently promoted intracellular ROS generation, induced DNA damage, and resulted in apoptosis in TNBC cells. These effects could be reversed by N-acetylcysteine. Moreover, D43 significantly inhibited the growth of breast cancer patient-derived organoids and xenografts with a favorable biosafety profile. In conclusion, D43 is a potent anticancer agent that elicits significant antiproliferation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and DNA damage effects in TNBC cells, and D43 holds promise as a potential candidate for the treatment of TNBC. © The Author(s) 2024.
Keyword :
DNA damage N-acetylcysteine (NAC) Patient-derived breast cancer organoids (PDO) ROS Toxoflavin
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GB/T 7714 | Wu, T. , Liu, W. , Chen, H. et al. Toxoflavin analog D43 exerts antiproliferative effects on breast cancer by inducing ROS-mediated apoptosis and DNA damage [J]. | Scientific Reports , 2024 , 14 (1) . |
MLA | Wu, T. et al. "Toxoflavin analog D43 exerts antiproliferative effects on breast cancer by inducing ROS-mediated apoptosis and DNA damage" . | Scientific Reports 14 . 1 (2024) . |
APA | Wu, T. , Liu, W. , Chen, H. , Hou, L. , Ren, W. , Zhang, L. et al. Toxoflavin analog D43 exerts antiproliferative effects on breast cancer by inducing ROS-mediated apoptosis and DNA damage . | Scientific Reports , 2024 , 14 (1) . |
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Facial beauty prediction (FBP) aims to develop a system to assess facial attractiveness automatically. Through prior research and our own observations, it has become evident that attribute information, such as gender and race, is a key factor leading to the distribution discrepancy in the FBP data. Such distribution discrepancy hinders current conventional FBP models from generalizing effectively to unseen attribute domain data, thereby discounting further performance improvement. To address this problem, in this paper, we exploit the attribute information to guide the training of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), with the final purpose of implicit feature alignment across various attribute domain data. To this end, we introduce the attribute information into convolution layer and batch normalization (BN) layer, respectively, as they are the most crucial parts for representation learning in CNNs. Specifically, our method includes: 1) Attribute-guided convolution (AgConv) that dynamically updates convolutional filters based on attributes by parameter tuning or parameter rebirth; 2) Attribute-guided batch normalization (AgBN) is developed to compute the attribute-specific statistics through an attribute guided batch sampling strategy; 3) To benefit from both approaches, we construct an integrated framework by combining AgConv and AgBN to achieve a more thorough feature alignment across different attribute domains. Extensive qualitative and quantitative experiments have been conducted on the SCUT-FBP, SCUT-FBP5500 and HotOrNot benchmark datasets. The results show that AgConv significantly improves the attribute-guided representation learning capacity and AgBN provides more stable optimization. Owing to the combination of AgConv and AgBN, the proposed framework (Ag-Net) achieves further performance improvement and is superior to other state-of-the-art approaches for FBP. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
Keyword :
Batch normalization Dynamic convolution Facial attractiveness assessment Facial beauty prediction
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GB/T 7714 | Sun, Z. , Lin, L. , Yu, Y. et al. Learning feature alignment across attribute domains for improving facial beauty prediction [J]. | Expert Systems with Applications , 2024 , 249 . |
MLA | Sun, Z. et al. "Learning feature alignment across attribute domains for improving facial beauty prediction" . | Expert Systems with Applications 249 (2024) . |
APA | Sun, Z. , Lin, L. , Yu, Y. , Jin, L. . Learning feature alignment across attribute domains for improving facial beauty prediction . | Expert Systems with Applications , 2024 , 249 . |
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In this study, to overcome the bottleneck of forming NiAl for aerospace applications, a novel combined sintering method based on hot-press sintering, which divides the components into various parts and compacts them gradually, is proposed and studied. Two typical close cross-sectional components (tube-like components and conical tube components with flanges), which are highly demanding and more challenging to obtain for NiAl intermetallic, were prepared and analyzed in detail. Based on these results, both prepared components were fully dense. In addition, as shown by the bending tests, the interfacial strength is between the strengths of the base alloys on the two sides, which confirms the reliable bonding ability achieved by this method. For the conical tube component with flange, the ultimate tensile strength of the combined-sintered part in 1000 ℃ is 406.7±3.2 MPa, and the ultimate strength of the pre-sintered part is 368.6±2.7 MPa, which are 39% and 26% higher than the strength of blade-like component prepared by casting and hot isostatic pressing (292 MPa). The proposed method discussed in our study can overcome the uneven density defects in HPS and achieve collaborative control of both the shape and performance when preparing a high height-to-thickness ratio or a complex-shaped close cross-section component. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Keyword :
Close cross-section component Intermetallic compound Joining Mechanical properties NiAl-based alloy Sintering
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GB/T 7714 | Ning, H. , Wang, D. , Qin, S. et al. Preparation of the close cross-section component of NiAl-based alloy by a novel combined sintering method [J]. | Journal of Materials Processing Technology , 2024 , 327 . |
MLA | Ning, H. et al. "Preparation of the close cross-section component of NiAl-based alloy by a novel combined sintering method" . | Journal of Materials Processing Technology 327 (2024) . |
APA | Ning, H. , Wang, D. , Qin, S. , Zhao, J. , Wei, W. , Liu, G. . Preparation of the close cross-section component of NiAl-based alloy by a novel combined sintering method . | Journal of Materials Processing Technology , 2024 , 327 . |
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Semantic segmentation is one of the directions in image research. It aims to obtain the contours of objects of interest, facilitating subsequent engineering tasks such as measurement and feature selection. However, existing segmentation methods still lack precision in class edge, particularly in multi-class mixed region. To this end, we present the Feature Enhancement Network (FE-Net), a novel approach that leverages edge label and pixel-wise weights to enhance segmentation performance in complex backgrounds. Firstly, we propose a Smart Edge Head (SE-Head) to process shallow-level information from the backbone network. It is combined with the FCN-Head and SepASPP-Head, located at deeper layers, to form a transitional structure where the loss weights gradually transition from edge labels to semantic labels and a mixed loss is also designed to support this structure. Additionally, we propose a pixel-wise weight evaluation method, a pixel-wise weight block, and a feature enhancement loss to improve training effectiveness in multi-class regions. FE-Net achieves significant performance improvements over baselines on publicly datasets Pascal VOC2012, SBD, and ATR, with best mIoU enhancements of 15.19%, 1.42% and 3.51%, respectively. Furthermore, experiments conducted on Pole&Hole match dataset from our laboratory environment demonstrate the superior effectiveness of FE-Net in segmenting defined key pixels. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
Keyword :
Edge label Key pixels Multi-class mixed region Pixel-wise weight Semantic segmentation
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GB/T 7714 | Zhao, Z. , Chen, X. , Cao, J. et al. FE-Net: Feature enhancement segmentation network [J]. | Neural Networks , 2024 , 174 . |
MLA | Zhao, Z. et al. "FE-Net: Feature enhancement segmentation network" . | Neural Networks 174 (2024) . |
APA | Zhao, Z. , Chen, X. , Cao, J. , Zhao, Q. , Liu, W. . FE-Net: Feature enhancement segmentation network . | Neural Networks , 2024 , 174 . |
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The imperative for sustainable urban development necessitates the proper treatment of landfill leachate (LFL), driven by its high level of contaminants. Although membrane distillation (MD) effectively captures non-volatile contaminants, impediments persist in practical implementation in LFL, notably membrane fouling and scaling induced by organic and inorganic substances. These challenges are particularly salient in treating LFL with varying contaminant concentrations contingent upon its age. This study comprehensively investigated the treatment efficiency of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) for both young landfill leachate (YLFL) and aged landfill leachate (ALFL), along with an examination of the associated membrane fouling and scaling conditions over a 15-d period. The results demonstrated that chemical oxygen demand (COD) and metal ions in both YLFL and ALFL were effectively retained by DCMD, with rejection rates exceeding 99 %. Nevertheless, escalating membrane fouling led to diminished distillate fluxes, with reductions of 26 %–32 % for YLFL and 63 %–86 % for ALFL. The fouling mechanisms differed between YLFL and ALFL treatments. YLFL primarily induced organic fouling through biopolymers and humic acid (HA), while ALFL introduced inorganic salt ions (e.g., Ca2+ and Mg2+) and organics, resulting in scaling and hybrid organic-inorganic fouling. Acid cleaning proved more efficacious than alkali cleaning for ALFL treatment, as it dissolved ions and disrupting the crystal-organic cross-linked fouling layer. This study sheds new light on membrane fouling control during DCMD-based treatment of LFL at varying ages. © 2024
Keyword :
Crystal-organics combined fouling Direct contact membrane distillation Landfill leachate Membrane fouling Scaling
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GB/T 7714 | Yang, Z. , Lin, S. , Ye, L. et al. Landfill leachate treatment by direct contact membrane distillation: Impacts of landfill age on contaminant removal performance, membrane fouling and scaling [J]. | Desalination , 2024 , 577 . |
MLA | Yang, Z. et al. "Landfill leachate treatment by direct contact membrane distillation: Impacts of landfill age on contaminant removal performance, membrane fouling and scaling" . | Desalination 577 (2024) . |
APA | Yang, Z. , Lin, S. , Ye, L. , Qu, D. , Yang, H. , Chang, H. et al. Landfill leachate treatment by direct contact membrane distillation: Impacts of landfill age on contaminant removal performance, membrane fouling and scaling . | Desalination , 2024 , 577 . |
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Saccharides are a sort of ubiquitous and vital molecules within the whole life. However, the application of saccharides analysis with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is restricted by their low ionization efficiency and the instability of the sialic acid fraction. Derivatization strategy based on nonreductive amination provides a good solution, however, this is often time consuming and may result in sample loss due to removal of excessive derivatization reagents. Herein, hydralazine (HZN) was utilized as a reactive matrix for labeling reducing saccharides directly on MALDI target which eliminated tedious sample preparation and avoided sample loss. After optimization, effective and reproducible on-MALDI-target derivatization of neutral and acidic saccharides was achieved in both positive and negative modes. Compared with 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) and 9-aminoacridine (9-AA), HZN improved the detection sensitivity of reducing saccharides and provided more abundant fragment ions in MS/MS analysis. Moreover, 26 kinds of neutral glycans and 5 kinds of sialic glycans were identified from ovalbumin (OVA) and bovine fetuin, respectively. Combined with the statistical models, this strategy could be used to distinguish and predict samples of 6 brands of beer, and discriminate 2 kinds of beer fermentation modes. In addition, HZN was applied for quantitative analysis of glucose in urine samples, and the obtained urine glucose concentrations of diabetic patients were consistent with the clinical test results, showing the potential of qualitative and quantitative analysis of reducing saccharides in complex samples. © 2024
Keyword :
Hydralazine On-MALDI-target derivatization Reactive matrix Saccharides
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GB/T 7714 | Ouyang, D. , Huang, H. , He, Y. et al. Utilization of hydralazine as a reactive matrix for enhanced detection and on-MALDI-target derivatization of saccharides [J]. | Chinese Chemical Letters , 2024 , 35 (5) . |
MLA | Ouyang, D. et al. "Utilization of hydralazine as a reactive matrix for enhanced detection and on-MALDI-target derivatization of saccharides" . | Chinese Chemical Letters 35 . 5 (2024) . |
APA | Ouyang, D. , Huang, H. , He, Y. , Chen, J. , Lin, J. , Chen, Z. et al. Utilization of hydralazine as a reactive matrix for enhanced detection and on-MALDI-target derivatization of saccharides . | Chinese Chemical Letters , 2024 , 35 (5) . |
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This research utilizes data mining and text analysis methods to extract investor attention, emotion, and opinion convergence from stock forums. A Restricted Reverse MIDAS model is constructed to explore the dynamic effects of real-time public opinion on intraday high-frequency stock index and trading volume. The empirical results demonstrate a positive impact of forum public opinion on high-frequency stock index and trading volume, with a time attenuation effect observed. Specifically, midday public opinion significantly influences the afternoon high-frequency stock index, exhibiting an initial increase and subsequent decrease in investor sentiment, while investor attention and opinion convergence exhibit a decreasing trend. Nighttime attention and sentiment primarily affect the next morning's high-frequency stock index. Moreover, the real-time emotional impact on the stock market varies across different environments. © 2023
Keyword :
Data mining High-frequency stock index Real-time public opinion Reverse mixed-frequency analysis
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GB/T 7714 | Tang, Z. , Lin, Q. , Cai, Y. et al. Harnessing the power of real-time forum opinion: Unveiling its impact on stock market dynamics using intraday high-frequency data in China [J]. | International Review of Financial Analysis , 2024 , 93 . |
MLA | Tang, Z. et al. "Harnessing the power of real-time forum opinion: Unveiling its impact on stock market dynamics using intraday high-frequency data in China" . | International Review of Financial Analysis 93 (2024) . |
APA | Tang, Z. , Lin, Q. , Cai, Y. , Chen, K. , Liu, D. . Harnessing the power of real-time forum opinion: Unveiling its impact on stock market dynamics using intraday high-frequency data in China . | International Review of Financial Analysis , 2024 , 93 . |
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