Laminectomy　is　a　commonly　performed　surgical　procedure　by　orthopedic　and　neurosurgeons,　aimed　at　alleviating　nerve　compression　and　reducing　pain.　However,　in　some　cases,　excessive　proliferation　of　fibrous　scar　tissue　in　the　epidural　space　post-surgery　can　lead　to　persistent　and　intractable　lower　back　pain,　a　condition　known　as　Failed　Back　Surgery　Syndrome　(FBSS).　The　persistent　fibrous　tissue　causes　both　physical　and　emotional　distress　for　patients　and　also　makes　follow-up　surgeries　more　challenging　due　to　reduced　visibility　and　greater　technical　difficulty.　It　has　been　established　that　the　application　of　biomaterials　to　prevent　epidural　fibrosis　post-lumbar　surgery　is　more　beneficial　than　revision　surgeries　to　relieve　dural　fibrosis.　Hydrogel-based　biomaterials,　with　their　excellent　biocompatibility,　degradability,　and　injectability　and　tunable　mechanical　properties,　have　been　increasingly　introduced　by　clinicians　and　researchers.　This　paper,　building　on　the　foundation　of　epidural　fibrosis,　primarily　discusses　the　strategies　for　the　preparation　of　natural　and　polymeric　biomaterials　to　prevent　epidural　fibrosis,　their　physicochemical　properties,　and　their　ability　to　mitigate　the　excessive　proliferation　of　fibroblasts.　It　also　emphasizes　the　challenges　that　need　to　be　addressed　to　translate　laboratory　research　into　clinical　practice　and　the　latest　advancements　in　this　field.