Given　the　current　energy　crisis　and　concerns　regarding　environmental　pollution,　biomass　is　considered　as　a　sustainable　energy　source　that　can　potentially　replace　fossil　fuels,　and　extensive　research　of　biomass　conversion　has　been　directed　towards　the　catalytic　transformation　of　biomass　into　valuable　hexanol　and　hexanediol.　Hexanol　and　hexanediol　are　regarded　as　highly　industrially　valuable　C6　alcohols,　with　hexanediol　playing　a　crucial　role　in　polyester　industry,　and　hexanol　being　considered　as　a　suitable　alternative　fuel.　This　review　provided　a　comprehensive　overview　of　biomass-derived　production　of　hexanol　and　hexanediol,　considering　various　feedstocks　and　catalytic　approaches.　It　systematically　outlined　recent　advancements　in　the　catalytic　conversion　of　biomass-derived　compounds,　such　as　cellulose-based　substrates,　5-hydroxymethylfurfural　and　its　derivatives,　as　well　as　hexanedioic　acid　and　its　esters,　into　hexanol　and　hexanediol.　The　review　also　summarized　the　applications　of　1,6-hexanediol　in　the　catalytic　synthesis　of　C6　compounds　(ε　-caprolactone,　adipic　acid,　6-hydroxycaproic　acid,　and　hexanediamine).　Furthermore,　it　provided　an　outlook　on　the　future　trends　in　catalytic　hydrogenation　for　producing　hexanol　and　hexanediol,　aiming　to　offer　theoretical　guidance　and　valuable　insights　for　the　eco-friendly　and　sustainable　production　of　C6　compounds.　©　2024　Chemical　Industry　Press　Co.,　Ltd..　All　rights　reserved.