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author:

Pan, Youlin (Pan, Youlin.) [1] | Liu, Genggeng (Liu, Genggeng.) [2] (Scholars:刘耿耿) | Huang, Xing (Huang, Xing.) [3] | Li, Zipeng (Li, Zipeng.) [4] | Huang, Hsin-Chuan (Huang, Hsin-Chuan.) [5] | Liang, Chi-Chun (Liang, Chi-Chun.) [6] | Wang, Qining (Wang, Qining.) [7] | Kim, Chang-Jin (Kim, Chang-Jin.) [8] | Ho, Tsung-Yi (Ho, Tsung-Yi.) [9]

Indexed by:

EI Scopus SCIE

Abstract:

With the advances in microfluidics, electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) chips have widely been applied to various biological and chemical laboratory protocols. Glass-based EWOD chips with nonregular electrodes are proposed, which allow more reliable droplet operations and facilitate the integration of optical sensors for many biochemical applications. Furthermore, nonregular electrode designs are utilized in EWOD chips, e.g., interdigitated electrodes for more reliable droplet manipulation, custom shaped electrodes for specific applications like concentric heating, etc. However, due to the technical challenges of fabricating multilayer interconnection on the glass substrate, e.g., unreliable process and high cost, both control electrodes and wires are fabricated with a single-layer configuration, which poses significant challenges to pin selection for nonregular electrodes. In this article, we propose a minimum-cost flow-based routing algorithm called NR-Router+ that features efficient and robust routing for single-layer EWOD chips with nonregular electrodes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that overcomes the aforementioned challenges. We construct a minimum-cost flow algorithm to generate optimal routing paths followed by a light-weight model to handle flow capacity. A grid reduction strategy is proposed to reduce the computational overhead. Additionally, a flow collocation algorithm based on integer linear programming is presented to efficiently prevent wire overlapping. Experimental results show that NR-Router+ achieves 100% routability while minimizing wirelength with shorter run time. Moreover, NR-Router+ can generate mask files feasible for manufacturing via adjustments of design parameters, thus demonstrating its robustness and efficiency.

Keyword:

Costs Digital microfluidic biochips Electrodes electrowetting-on-dielectric network flow nonregular electrodes Pins routing Routing Shape Substrates Wires

Community:

  • [ 1 ] [Pan, Youlin]Northwestern Polytech Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Xian 710072, Peoples R China
  • [ 2 ] [Huang, Xing]Northwestern Polytech Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Xian 710072, Peoples R China
  • [ 3 ] [Pan, Youlin]Fuzhou Univ, Coll Comp & Data Sci, Fuzhou 350116, Peoples R China
  • [ 4 ] [Liu, Genggeng]Fuzhou Univ, Coll Comp & Data Sci, Fuzhou 350116, Peoples R China
  • [ 5 ] [Li, Zipeng]Apple Inc, Silicon Engn Grp, Cupertino, CA 95014 USA
  • [ 6 ] [Huang, Hsin-Chuan]Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
  • [ 7 ] [Liang, Chi-Chun]Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
  • [ 8 ] [Wang, Qining]Univ Calif Angeles, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
  • [ 9 ] [Kim, Chang-Jin]Univ Calif Angeles, Mech & Aerosp Engn Dept, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
  • [ 10 ] [Ho, Tsung-Yi]Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Hong Kong, Peoples R China

Reprint 's Address:

  • [Huang, Xing]Northwestern Polytech Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Xian 710072, Peoples R China;;

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Source :

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS

ISSN: 0278-0070

Year: 2024

Issue: 9

Volume: 43

Page: 2606-2619

2 . 7 0 0

JCR@2023

Cited Count:

WoS CC Cited Count:

SCOPUS Cited Count:

ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All

WanFang Cited Count:

Chinese Cited Count:

30 Days PV: 0

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