Cocaine　is　one　of　the　most　abused　illicit　drugs,　and　its　abuse　damages　the　central　nervous　system　and　can　even　lead　directly　to　death.　Therefore,　the　development　of　simple,　rapid　and　highly　sensitive　detection　methods　is　crucial　for　the　prevention　and　control　of　drug　abuse,　traffic　accidents　and　crime.　In　this　work,　an　electrochemical　aptamer-based (EAB)　sensor　based　on　the　low-temperature　enhancement　effect　was　developed　for　the　direct　determination　of　cocaine　in　bio-samples.　The　signal　gain　of　the　sensor　at　10 °C　was　greatly　improved　compared　to　room　temperature,　owing　to　the　improved　affinity　between　the　aptamer　and　the　target.　Additionally,　the　electroactive　area　of　the　gold　electrode　used　to　fabricate　the　EAB　sensor　was　increased　20　times　by　a　simple　electrochemical　roughening　method.　The　porous　electrode　possesses　more　efficient　electron　transfer　and　better　antifouling　properties　after　roughening.　These　improvements　enabled　the　sensor　to　achieve　rapid　detection　of　cocaine　in　complex　bio-samples.　The　low　detection　limits　(LOD)　of　cocaine　in　undiluted　urine,　50%　serum　and　50%　saliva　were　70 nM,　30 nM　and　10 nM,　respectively,　which　are　below　the　concentration　threshold　in　drugged　driving　screening.　The　aptasensor　was　simple　to　construct　and　reusable,　which　offers　potential　for drugged　driving　screening　in　the　real　world.　©　The　Author(s),　under　exclusive　licence　to　Springer-Verlag　GmbH　Austria,　part　of　Springer　Nature　2024.