The　construction　of　China＇s　ecological　civilization,　known　as　＇Beautiful　China＇,　necessitates　implementing　precision　watershed　management　through　scientifically　informed　decision-making.　This　entails　optimizing　the　spatial　distribution　of　watershed　best　management　practices　(the　so-　called　BMP　scenario)　and　proposing　multistage　implementation　plans,　or　roadmaps　that　align　with　practical　requirements　based　on　the　overarching　vision　of　comprehensive　water　shed　management.The＇water　shed　system　simulation-scenariooptimization＇　method　frame　work　(the　simulation-and-optimization-based　frame　work　for　short)　has　demonstrated　considerable　potential　in　recent　years.　To　address　challenges　arising　from　practical　applications　of　this　framework,　this　study　systematically　conducted　the　methodological　research:　(1)　proposing　a　novel　watershed　process　modeling　framework　that　strikes　a　balance　between　modeling　flexibility　and　high-performance　computing　to　model　and　simulate　watershed　systems　efficiently;　(2)　introducing　slope　position　units　as　BMP　configuration　units　and　enabling　dynamic　boundary　adjustments　during　scenario　optimization,　effectively　incorporating　practical　knowledge　of　watershed　management　to　ensure　reasonable　outcomes;　(3)　presenting　an　optimization　method　for　determining　the　implementation　orders　of　BMPs　that　considers　stepwise　investment　constraints,　thereby　recommending　feasible　roadmaps　that　meet　practical　needs;　and　(4)　designing　a　user-friendly　participatory　watershed　planning　system　to　facilitate　collaborative　decision-making　among　stakeholders.　The　effectiveness　and　practical　value　of　these　new　methods,　tools,　and　prototype　systems　are　validated　through　application　cases　in　a　representative　small　watershed.　This　research　contributes　to　advancing　precision　watershed　management　and　provides　valuable　insights　for　sustainable　ecological　conservation.　The　methods　proposed　within　the　simulation-and-optimization-based　framework　in　this　study　are　universal　methods,　which　means　their　application　does　not　depend　on　the　specific　implementation,　such　as　the　watershed　process　model,　the　BMP　types　considered,　the　designed　BMP　configuration　strategy,　and　so　on.　Further　studies　should　be　conducted　not　only　to　deepen　related　theory　and　method　research　but　also　to　strengthen　promotion　and　application,　especially　cooperating　with　local　watershed　management　agents　to　provide　valuable　insights　for　their　sustainable　ecological　conservation.　©　2024　Science　Press.　All　rights　reserved.