Surface　plasmon　resonance　and　photonic　crystals　(PCs)　effect　are　effective　methods　for　improving　upconversion　luminescence　(UCL)　for　upconversion　nanoparticles.　In　this　work,　PCs/Ag/Al2O3/UC　hybrid　structure　is　pre-sented　to　enhance　UCL　of　NaGdF4:Er3+/Yb3+/Al3+　nanorods　through　tuning　the　thickness　of　the　Al2O3　layer.　The　optical　and　luminescence　properties　were　studied　and　compared　with　those　of　UC　and　PCs/Ag/UC　hybrid,　it　is　shown　that　the　thickness　of　Al2O3　layer　has　a　significant　effect　on　fluorescence　intensity,　outstanding　upcon-version　luminescence　enhancement　and　the　green-to-red　intensity　ratios　have　been　achieved　at　980　nm　excita-tion.　The　maximum　enhancement　factors　of　the　red　and　green　emission　were　obtained　for　the　sample　with　10　nm　Al2O3　layer,　respectively.　The　mechanism　of　UCL　enhancement　for　PCs/Ag/Al2O3/UC　hybrid　structure　was　discussed.