Background:　Bioactivity　and　self-assembly　are　two　important　properties　of　peptides.　Over　the　past　several　decades,　rapid　advances　have　been　made　in　the　application　of　bioactive　peptide　and　peptide　self-assembled　nanomaterials.　The　combination　of　bioactivity　and　self-assembly　properties　of　peptides　will　introduce　new　perspectives　for　food　structure　design　and　functional　food　creation　to　meet　more　specific　food　industry　application　needs.　Scope　and　approach:　In　this　review,　a　comprehensive　overview　of　bioactivity　and　self-assembly　of　peptides　is　provided.　The　fabrication　strategy　and　application　prospects　of　self-assembling　bioactive　peptide-based　materials　are　introduced.　Additionally,　we　summarize　the　research　limitations　to　be　solved　and　put　forward　our　perspectives　for　the　future　development　of　self-assembling　bioactive　peptides.　Key　findings　and　conclusions:　Peptides　show　diverse　bioactivities　and　play　an　important　role　in　regulating　the　physiological　functions　of　various　body　systems.　The　powerful　self-assembly　property　of　peptides　promotes　the　formation　of　controllable　supramolecular　structures.　More　importantly,　self-assembling　bioactive　peptides　provide　approaches　to　fabricate　functional　nanomaterials　for　food　creation　and　have　great　application　prospects　in　the　food　field.　These　advances　implicate　the　bright　prospect　of　nanomaterials　of　self-assembling　bioactive　peptides　in　future　food　creation.　©　2022