The　surface　structure　and　topography　of　biomate-rials　play　a　crucial　role　in　directing　cell　behaviors　and　fates.　Meanwhile,　asymmetric　dressings　that　mimic　the　natural　skin　structure　have　been　identified　as　an　effective　strategy　for　enhancing　wound　healing.　Inspired　by　the　skin　structure　and　the　super-hydrophobic　structure　of　the　lotus　leaf,　an　asymmetric　composite　dressing　was　obtained　by　constructing　an　asymmetric　structure　and　wettability　surface　modification　on　both　sides　of　the　sponge　based　on　electrospinning.　Among　them,　the　collagen　and　quaternized　chitosan　sponge　was　fabricated　by　freeze-drying,　followed　by　an　aligned　poly(epsilon-caprolactone)　(PCL)/gelatin　nanofiber　hydrophilic　inner　layer　and　hierarchical　micronanostructure　PCL/polystyrene　microsphere　highly　hydrophobic　outer　layer　constructed　on　each　side　of　the　sponge.　The　proposed　asymmetric　composite　dressing　combines　topological　morphology　with　the　material＇s　properties　to　effectively　prevent　bacterial　colonization/infection　and　promote　wound　healing　by　directing　cellular　behavior.　In　vitro　experimental　results　confirmed　that　the　aligned　nanofiber　inner　layer　effectively　promotes　cell　adhesion,　proliferation,　directed　cell　growth,　and　migration.　Meanwhile,　the　sponge　has　good　water　absorption　and　antibacterial　properties,　while　the　biomimetic　hydrophobic　outer　layer　exhibits　strong　mechanical　properties　and　resistance　to　bacterial　adhesion.　In　vivo　results　showed　that　the　composite　dressing　can　reduce　inflammatory　response,　prevent　infection,　accelerate　angiogenesis　and　epithelial　regeneration,　and　significantly　accelerate　the　healing　of　severe　burns.　Thus,　the　proposed　bionic　asymmetric　dressing　is　expected　to　be　a　promising　candidate　for　severe　burn　wound　healing.