Developing　high-performance　polymeric　materials　with　highly　effective　flame　retardancy　and　the　generation　of　ultra-low　toxic　fumes　in　a　fire　remains　an　intractable　challenge.　In　this　work,　a　novel　titanium　carbidepolyphenyl　phosphate　ester　amide　hybrid　(Ti3C2Tx-PPPA)　was　synthesized　via　the　esterification　and　hydrogen　bonding　induced　assembly　for　fabrication　of　thermoplastic　polyurethane　(TPU)　nanocomposites.　The　Ti3C2Tx-PPPA　displayed　strong　interface　interaction　with　TPU　matrix.　The　cone　calorimetry　results　indicated　that　the　total　heat　release,　total　smoke　release　and　total　carbon　monoxide　yield　of　the　TPU　nanocomposite　with　1.0　wt%　Ti3C2Tx-PPPA　were　dramatically　decreased　by　32.6%,　54.4%　and　36.8%,　respectively,　compared　to　those　of　pristine　TPU.　Besides,　TPU/Ti3C2Tx-PPPA-1.0　showed　the　highest　Flame　Retardancy　Index　(1.76)　among　all　the　specimens.　The　improved　fire　safety　of　TPU　was　ascribed　to　the　catalytic　charring,　the　chemical　transformation　and　the　barrier　effect　of　the　Ti3C2Tx　nanosheets　and　PPPA　trapping　free　radicals.　This　work　provides　a　promising