To　optimize　the　accessibility　algorithm　and　quantify　the　potential　relationship　between　human　development　index　and　traffic　comprehensive　accessibility　system,　this　paper　analyzed　the　spatial　distribution　pattern　of　urban　accessibility　and　human　development　index　of　highway,　railway,　and　aviation　transportation　systems　using　data　on　highway,　railway,　and　aviation　schedules　based　on　GIS　spatial　analysis　method.　Furthermore,　the　coupling　degree　between　human　development　index　and　accessibility　and　its　influence　mechanism　on　the　city　level　in　China　were　explored　based　on　the　super-efficiency　data　envelopment　analysis　model.　Results　showed　as　follows:　(1)　Spatial　distribution　of　human　development　index　from　high　to　low　was　gradually　changing　from　east　to　west.　The　spatial　distribution　of　urban　accessibility　of　the　three　traffic　systems　had　an　evident　＂Hu　Huanyong　Line＂　effect.　(2)　The　coordination　degree　of　urban　accessibility　and　human　development　index　spread　in　a　ladder　mode.　High　coordination　of　cities　in　North　and　East　China　and　the　central　Yangtze　River　region　forms　the　spatial　distribution　of　urban　development　circles　connecting　an　urban　development　belt.　(3)　Railway　connectivity　and　control　value　were　highly　sensitive　to　human　development　index　in　cities　where　serious　imbalance　between　accessibility　and　human　development　index.　Highway　connectivity　and　control　value　were　highly　sensitive　to　human　development　index　in　cities　where　high　coordination　between　accessibility　and　human　development　index.　The　results　would　provide　scientific　references　for　spatial　planning　of　transportation,　economic,　and　social　development　of　cities　and　coordinated　development　of　urban　agglomeration　in　China.