Rational　fabrication　of　anode　electrodes　for　sodium-ion　batteries　remains　a　challenge　due　to　the　problem　of　sluggish　Na+　diffusion　kinetics,　large　volume　expansion　etc.　Significant　efforts,　such　as　fabricating　carbon　composites　and　novel　nanostructures,　have　been　devoted　to　the　development　of　anode　materials.　Herein,　an　ultra-small　few-layer　MoS2　nanostructure　confined　on　a　hierarchical　porous　carbon　fiber　composite　was　synthesized　through　the　nanocasting　route　using　a　novel　hierarchical　porous　carbon　fiber　as　the　template.　As　an　anode　material,　the　composite　displays　outstanding　electrochemical　performance　for　sodium-ion　batteries.　For　instance,　it　delivers　high　reversible　capacities　(491　mA　h　g-1　after　50　cycles　at　0.1　A　g-1),　high　rate　performance　(387　mA　h　g-1　at　2　A　g-1)　and　long-term　cycling　stability　(234　mA　h　g-1　at　1　A　g-1　after　3000　cycles).　Note　that　it　shows　one　of　the　best　long-term　cycling　properties　reported　to　date　for　MoS2-based　anode　materials　for　sodium-ion　batteries.　This　regulation　strategy　may　offer　new　insights　into　the　fabrication　of　high-performance　anode　materials　for　sodium-ion　batteries.　©　2019　The　Royal　Society　of　Chemistry.