Unsatisfactory　cycling　stability　and　rate　capability　due　to　volume　expansion　and　poor　electrical　conductivity　greatly　hinder　the　practical　application　of　MoS2-based　materials.　Aiming　to　address　these　issues,　a　novel　3D　hierarchical　conductive　network　architecture　consisting　of　MoS2　nanotubes　derived　from　self-assembled　ultrathin　MoS2　nanosheets　with　in　situ　N-doped　carbon　intercalation　and　reduced　graphene　oxide　used　as　an　encapsulating　function　(NC-MoS2@rGO)　were　effectively　achieved.　Due　to　many　advantages　mainly　including　hollow　tubes,　ultrathin　MoS2　nanosheets,　expanded　interlayer　spacing　and　highly　conductive　rGO　wrapping,　this　architecture　achieves　more　active　sites,　faster　electron　and　ion　transport　rates,　and　greater　structural　stability.　These　advantages　are　finally　attributable　to　the　excellent　electrochemical　performance　of　lithium-ion　batteries　(LIBs)　and　sodium-ion　batteries　(NIBs).　In　LIBs,　NC-MoS2@rGO　displays　a　high　specific　capacity　of　1308.6　mA　h　g−1　at　0.2　A　g−1　after　200　cycles,　superior　rate　capability　(834.2　mA　h　g−1　at　10　A　g−1),　and　ultra-long　cycle　stability　(528.4　mA　h　g−1　at　5　A　g−1　after　6590　cycles).　In　addition,　the　electrode　also　obtained　the　expected　discharge　capacity　(554.8　mA　h　g−1　at　0.2　A　g−1　after　200　cycles)　and　cycle　stability　(463.6　mA　h　g−1　at　1　A　g−1　after　1000　cycles　and　383.2　mA　h　g−1　at　2　A　g−1　after　1500　cycles)　in　Na　ion　storage.　Furthermore,　we　elucidated　the　highly　reversible　electrochemical　storage　behavior　of　Na　ions　by　using　the　ex　situ　X-ray　diffraction　(XRD)　technique.　Density　functional　theory　(DFT)　calculations　further　prove　the　positive　effect　of　the　added　graphene　on　the　improvement　of　battery　performance.　©　2023　The　Royal　Society　of　Chemistry.