Tin-based　anode　materials,　including　metallic　Sn,　tin　oxides　and　tin　sulfides,　have　encountered　increasing　interest　owing　to　their　high　theoretical　capacities,　natural　abundance,　and　suitable　operating　voltages,　as　well　as　their　dual　applicability　for　both　lithium-ion　batteries　(LIBs)　and　sodium　ion　batteries　(SIBs).　However,　severe　volume　variation　and　inferior　reaction　kinetics　during　insertion/deinsertion　of　lithium　or　sodium　in　the　charging/discharging　processes　leads　to　seriously　structural　deterioration,　capacity　fading　and　poor　rate　capacity,　which　have　impeded　their　practical　application.　To　circumvent　these　issues,　various　innovative　strategies　including　decreasing　the　dimensions　into　nanoscale,　constructing　composites　or　herterstructrue　and　creating　voids　have　been　developed.　This　review　aims　to　highlight　the　recent　advances　in　the　composition　and　structural　design　of　tin-based　anodes　for　LIBs　and　SIBs.　To　organize　the　progress　more　systematically,　this　review　is　divided　into　three　parts:　Sn　metal,　tin　oxides　and　tin　sulfides-based　anodes.　In　each　section,　the　electrochemical　reaction　mechanism　for　both　LIBs　and　SIBs,　various　synthesis　strategies　involving　morphology　manipulation,　structure　and　composition　control,　along　with　the　structure-performance　relationship　are　discussed　in　detail.　Finally,　the　emerging　challenges　and　perspectives　on　Sn-based　anodes　are　stressed.