Supramolecular　vesicles　have　received　great　attention　in　biomedical　application　due　to　their　inherent　features,　including　simple　synthesis　and　tunable　amphiphilicity　of　the　building　blocks.　Despite　tremendous　research　efforts,　developing　supramolecular　vesicles　with　targeted　recognition　and　controlled　release　remains　a　major　challenge.　Herein,　we　constructed　a　novel　aptamer-based　self-assembled　supramolecular　vesicle　by　host-guest　complexation　of　pyrene,　viologen　lipid,　and　cucurbit[8]urils　for　pH-responsive　and　targeted　drug　delivery.　The　proposed　supramolecular　vesicles　are　easy　to　be　assembled　and　offer　simple　drug　loading.　Based　on　confocal　fluorescence　microscopy　and　cytotoxicity　experiments,　the　drug-loaded　supramolecular　vesicles　were　shown　to　possess　highly　efficient　internalization　and　apparent　cytotoxic　effect　on　target　cancer　cells,　but　not　control　cells.　Furthermore,　through　simple　aptamer　or　drug　substitution,　supramolecular　vesicles　can　be　applied　to　a　variety　of　target　cell　lines　and　drugs,　making　it　widely　applicable.　Taking　advantage　of　the　easy　preparation,　good　stability,　rapid　pH　response,　and　cell　targeting　ability,　the　aptamer-based　self-assembled　supramolecular　vesicles　hold　great　promise　in　controlled-release　biomedical　applications　and　targeted　cancer　therapy.