The　clinical　outcome　of　epidermal　growth　factor　receptor　(EGFR)　tyrosine　kinase　inhibitors　is　limited　by　the　ambiguous　molecular　subtypes　of　non-small　cell　lung　cancer　(NSCLC)　patients　and　the　emergence　of　drug-resistance.　Here,　a　nanotheranostic　agent　ECMI,　which　is　indocyanine　green　(ICG)-loaded　mesoporous　silica　nanoparticles　lidded　with　ZnO　QDs　and　wrapped　with　erlotinib-modified　chitosan,　was　developed　for　accurately　determination　of　molecular　subtypes　and　synergistic　therapy.　The　erlotinib　could　guide　ECMI　into　EGFR-mutated　NSCLC　cells　and　acquire　a　pH/redox　dual-responsive　release　of　ICG　for　precise　fluorescent　imaging.　The　ECMI　could　exert　synergistic　photodynamic/molecular　targeted　therapeutic　effects　under　near-infrared　irradiation　in　either　erlotinib-sensitive　or　erlotinib-resistant　EGFR-mutated　NSCLC　cells.　In　vivo　experiments　further　showed　that　ECMI　had　distinct　distribution　behaviors　in　different　NSCLC　models　and　demonstrated　synergistic　anticancer　effects.　These　results　indicated　that　ECMI　could　be　a　promising　nanotheranostic　agent　to　treat　EGFR-mutated　NSCLC,　and　could　provide　a　new　perspective　for　individualized　treatment.