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The poor conductivity of sulfur, non-uniform Li2S deposition, polysulfide shuttle effect, and slow reaction kinetics severely hinder the commercialization of flexible lithium‑sulfur batteries. Herein, a unique flexible self-supporting sulfur host featuring a dual‑carbon layer hierarchical structure is developed, which possesses the following roles: 1) the inner three-dimensional carbon nanotube conductive network promotes electron and ion transport, alleviates sulfur volume expansion, and physically confines active materials; 2) the outer carbon layer modified with CoSe2 nanoparticles functions as a chemical adsorption carrier and electrocatalyst, effectively anchoring polysulfide and enhancing their conversion kinetics. The innovative design of the dual‑carbon layer hierarchical structure and the “confinement–adsorption–catalysis” synergistic effect enable uniform Li2S deposition and significant enhancement of sulfur cathode electrochemical performance. Consequently, DC/CoSe2-S exhibited a low capacity decay rate of 0.07% per cycle over 400 cycles at 1C, with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.3%. Notably, DC/CoSe2-S maintained a capacity retention of 98.4% at 0.1C for 100 cycles with a high sulfur loading of 4.0 mg cm−2 (Electrolyte/Sulfur = 10 μL mg−1). Furthermore, the constructed pouch cells (Sulfur loading = 4.0 mg cm−2, Electrolyte/Sulfur = 8.6 μL mg−1) also operated stably for 50 cycles, demonstrating the promising potential for practical applications. This work provides new insights into the design of high-performance flexible lithium‑sulfur batteries. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
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Chemical Engineering Journal
ISSN: 1385-8947
Year: 2025
Volume: 519
1 3 . 4 0 0
JCR@2023
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ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All
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