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author:

Ullah, A. (Ullah, A..) [1] | Alam, A. (Alam, A..) [2] | Ayaz, M. (Ayaz, M..) [3] | Khan, M. (Khan, M..) [4] | Elhenawy, A.A. (Elhenawy, A.A..) [5] | Alanazi, A.S. (Alanazi, A.S..) [6] | Rahman, S.U. (Rahman, S.U..) [7] | Ahmad, S. (Ahmad, S..) [8] | Latif, A. (Latif, A..) [9] | Ali, M. (Ali, M..) [10] | Ahmad, M. (Ahmad, M..) [11]

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Scopus

Abstract:

This work reports the synthesis of some ether-based hydrazone derivatives bearing commercially accessible naproxen drugs and assessed them for their in vitro tyrosinase inhibitory activity. In the synthesized library, four derivatives (7, 12, 8, and 11) with (IC50 = 4.3 ± 1.0 to 17.6 ± 1.2 µM) outperformed kojic acid (IC50 = 15.9 ± 0.4 µM). Notably, compound (7) exhibited ∼3.7-fold improvement in inhibitory potency over kojic acid. TD-DFT analysis correlated the observed activity with electronic properties, showing that compound (7), with its prop‑2-yn-1-yloxy substituent, displayed the lowest energy gap (8.124 eV), highest electronegativity, and electrophilicity. ADMET profiling highlighted 7′s drug-like properties (GI absorption: 82 %, hERG risk: 0.027), and favorable pharmacokinetic properties, correlating with its superior tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Molecular docking studies, using tyrosinase (PDB: 5M8Q), further elucidated the binding modes, revealing strong hydrogen bonding interactions and low binding energies for the active compounds, particularly compound (7). This combined computational and experimental approach will introduce a structurally innovative scaffold with therapeutic potential for hyperpigmentation disorders, guided by mechanistic and computational insights. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

Keyword:

ADMET Ethers Molecular docking and DFT calculations Naproxen Schiff bases Tyrosinase

Community:

  • [ 1 ] [Ullah A.]Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, P.O. Box 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Dir Lower, Pakistan
  • [ 2 ] [Alam A.]Department of Chemistry, Rawalpindi Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  • [ 3 ] [Ayaz M.]Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, P.O. Box 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Dir Lower, Pakistan
  • [ 4 ] [Khan M.]College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
  • [ 5 ] [Elhenawy A.A.]Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Nasr City, 11884, Egypt
  • [ 6 ] [Alanazi A.S.]Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
  • [ 7 ] [Rahman S.U.]Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, P.O. Box 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Dir Lower, Pakistan
  • [ 8 ] [Ahmad S.]Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Dir (Upper), Pakistan
  • [ 9 ] [Latif A.]Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, P.O. Box 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Dir Lower, Pakistan
  • [ 10 ] [Ali M.]Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, P.O. Box 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Dir Lower, Pakistan
  • [ 11 ] [Ahmad M.]Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, P.O. Box 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Dir Lower, Pakistan

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Source :

Journal of Molecular Structure

ISSN: 0022-2860

Year: 2025

Volume: 1347

4 . 0 0 0

JCR@2023

Cited Count:

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SCOPUS Cited Count:

ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All

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30 Days PV: 0

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