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This work reports the synthesis of some ether-based hydrazone derivatives bearing commercially accessible naproxen drugs and assessed them for their in vitro tyrosinase inhibitory activity. In the synthesized library, four derivatives (7, 12, 8, and 11) with (IC50 = 4.3 ± 1.0 to 17.6 ± 1.2 µM) outperformed kojic acid (IC50 = 15.9 ± 0.4 µM). Notably, compound (7) exhibited ∼3.7-fold improvement in inhibitory potency over kojic acid. TD-DFT analysis correlated the observed activity with electronic properties, showing that compound (7), with its prop‑2-yn-1-yloxy substituent, displayed the lowest energy gap (8.124 eV), highest electronegativity, and electrophilicity. ADMET profiling highlighted 7′s drug-like properties (GI absorption: 82 %, hERG risk: 0.027), and favorable pharmacokinetic properties, correlating with its superior tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Molecular docking studies, using tyrosinase (PDB: 5M8Q), further elucidated the binding modes, revealing strong hydrogen bonding interactions and low binding energies for the active compounds, particularly compound (7). This combined computational and experimental approach will introduce a structurally innovative scaffold with therapeutic potential for hyperpigmentation disorders, guided by mechanistic and computational insights. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
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Journal of Molecular Structure
ISSN: 0022-2860
Year: 2025
Volume: 1347
4 . 0 0 0
JCR@2023
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ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All
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