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The ZUC-128 cipher algorithm is one of the commercial stream cipher algorithms published in China, which plays an important role in the field of 4G mobile communication. This work mainly studies how to realize the complete quantum circuit of ZUC-128 algorithm with less qubits. The S-box is an important part of the nonlinear component of the ZUC-128 algorithm, therefore, the optimized implementation of the S-box quantum circuit is studied in detail. The 32 bit S-box is composed of four 8 × 8 S-boxes, denoted as S = (S0, S1, S2, S3), with the property that S0 = S2, S1 = S3. Firstly, we achieve S0 through a strategy of exhaustive search and pruning, using an out-place implementation. Secondly, we focus on the transformation of the main part of S1, F28 multiplication inversion, into F24 multiplication inversion through isomorphic mapping. We successfully complete the S1 in-place implementation quantum circuit with only 8 auxiliary qubits. The S1 circuit requires 16 qubits, 96 Toffoli gates, 224 CNOT gates, 4 NOT gates, with the Toffoli-depth of 78. Finally, we propose the construction of quantum circuit to realize the whole process of ZUC-128 algorithm with less quantum bits. When the number of rounds L = 32 in the working step, this quantum circuit requires 6244 qubits, 85 843 Toffoli gates, 245 304 CNOT gates, and 66 512 NOT gates, with the Toffoli-depth of 52 074. © 2025 Chinese Association for Cryptologic Research. All rights reserved.
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密码学报(中英文)
ISSN: 2095-7025
Year: 2025
Issue: 1
Volume: 12
Page: 180-199
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ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All
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30 Days PV: 0
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