Industrial　agglomeration　is　an　important　way　to　affect　total　factor　energy　efficiency　(TFEE),　and　digitalization　level　(DL)　and　green　technology　innovation　(GTI)　can　help　improve　the　effect　of　industrial　agglomeration.　This　research　examines　the　impact　of　specialized　industrial　agglomeration　(SIA)　and　diversified　industrial　agglomeration　(DIA),　the　two　main　forms　of　industrial　agglomeration,　on　TFEE　under　the　mediating　role　of　GTI　and　the　moderating　role　of　DL.　Three　main　results　were　obtained　based　on　the　China＇s　provincial　data　from　2010　to　2021.　(1)　Both　SIA　and　DIA　can　significantly　promote　TFEE,　but　their　effects　are　different.　(2)　GTI　plays　a　mediating　role　in　the　positive　promotion　effect　of　DIA　and　SIA　on　TFEE.　In　addition,　GTI　not　only　has　obvious　inertial　effects　in　time,　but　also　has　significant　spillover　effects　in　space.　(3)　DL　not　only　strengthens　the　impact　of　SIA　or　DIA　on　TFEE,　but　also　enhances　the　impact　of　SIA　or　DIA　on　GTI.　The　results　show　that　DL　and　GTI　are　effective　ways　for　industrial　agglomeration　to　build　a　sustainable　economy.　The　article　finally　puts　forward　policy　recommendations,　emphasizing　accelerating　digital　transformation,　strengthening　industrial　agglomeration　planning,　promoting　green　technology　innovation,　and　adopting　a　multi-path　development　model.　Copyright　©　2024,　AIDIC　Servizi　S.r.l.