Extreme　weather　conditions　caused　by　excessive　carbon　dioxide　emissions　have　attracted　the　attention　of　governments　worldwide.　Agriculture　is　an　important　source　of　carbon　emissions,　and　rural　revitalization　is　an　important　strategy　for　promoting　comprehensive　rural　development　in　China.　The　Yellow　River　Basin　is　an　important　ecological　barrier　and　economic　zone　in　China.　Therefore,　clarifying　the　impact　of　rural　revitalization　on　agricultural　carbon　emissions　in　the　region　is　of　great　significance　for　the　high-quality　development　of　the　Yellow　River　Basin　and　the　low-carbon　development　of　agriculture.　Based　on　the　panel　data　of　88　prefecture-level　cities　in　the　Yellow　River　Basin　from　2001　to　2021,　we　established　evaluation　indicators　for　rural　revitalization,　measured　rural　revitalization　in　the　Yellow　River　Basin　using　the　entropy　method,　calculated　agricultural　carbon　emissions　in　the　Yellow　River　Basin　using　the　IPCC　carbon　emission　factor　method,　adopted　a　spatial　econometric　model　and　threshold　regression　model　to　analyze　the　impact　and　spatial　spillover　effect　of　rural　revitalization　on　agricultural　carbon　emissions　in　the　Yellow　River　Basin,　and　analyzed　the　nonlinear　relationship　and　regional　heterogeneity　between　them.　Results　showed　that　rural　revitalization,　and　agricultural　carbon　emissions　had　spatial　clustering　characteristics　of　the　same　type.　The　spatial　econometric　model　results　showed　that　rural　revitalization　had　a　significant　promotional　effect　on　agricultural　carbon　emissions,　while　exhibiting　a　significant　negative　spatial　spillover　effect.　Additionally,　industrial　structure　and　urbanization　rate　had　a　negative　impact　on　agricultural　carbon　emissions,　while　the　planting　scale,　fertilizer　application　intensity,　and　agricultural　economic　development　had　a　positive　impact　on　agricultural　carbon　emissions.　The　industrial　structure,　planting　scale,　and　fertilizer　application　intensity　had　a　negative　spatial　spillover　effect　on　agricultural　carbon　emissions,　while　urbanization　rate　and　agricultural　economic　development　had　a　positive　spatial　spillover　effect　on　agricultural　carbon　emissions.　The　threshold　model　results　showed　that　rural　revitalization　had　a　threshold　effect　on　agricultural　technological　progress　in　terms　of　agricultural　carbon　emissions.　When　agricultural　technological　progress　exceeded　the　threshold,　the　impact　of　rural　revitalization　on　agricultural　carbon　emissions　changed　from　positive　to　negative.　From　the　perspective　of　heterogeneity,　rural　revitalization　had　significant　heterogeneity　in　agricultural　carbon　emissions;　specifically,　rural　revitalization　had　an　inhibitory　effect　on　agricultural　carbon　emissions　in　the　major　grain-producing　areas,　whereas　it　had　a　promotional　effect　on　agricultural　carbon　emissions　in　non-major　grain-producing　areas.　Regarding　geographic　location,　rural　revitalization　had　an　inhibitory　effect　on　agricultural　carbon　emissions　in　the　middle　and　lower　reaches　of　the　Yellow　River　Basin　and　a　promotional　effect　in　the　upper　reaches　of　the　Yellow　River　Basin.　This　study　provides　a　theoretical　reference　and　policy　basis　for　promoting　rural　revitalization　strategies　and　low-carbon　agricultural　development　in　the　Yellow　River　Basin.　©　2024　Science　Press.　All　rights　reserved.