Severe　surface　fouling　of　nanofiltration　(NF)　has　hindered　its　practical　implementation　in　treating　dye-containing　wastewater　from　the　textile　industry.　To　address　this　fouling　issue,　a　novel　thin-film　nanocomposite　NF　membrane　(TFNx)　was　proposed　by　embedding　catalytic　manganese　dioxide　(MnO2)　nanoparticles　within　polyamide　(PA)　rejection　layer　to　realize　in　situ　Fenton-like　advanced　oxidation　self-cleaning.　The　incorporation　of　MnO2　nanoparticles　was　validated　to　moderately　reduce　the　degree　of　cross-linking　of　the　PA　layer,　thereby　obtaining　an　enhanced　surface　hydrophilicity.　The　inclusion　of　MnO2　nanoparticles　increased　the　surface　hydrophilicity,　resulting　in　a　higher　water　permeance　(TFN10　18.1　±　0.7　L　m-2　h-1　bar-1)　that　was　57.4%　higher　than　that　of　the　control　thin　film　nanocomposite　(TFC)　membrane,　while　a　high　dye　rejection　was　maintained.　In　addition,　the　presence　of　catalytically　capable　MnO2　nanoparticles　in　the　Fenton-like　reaction　led　to　membrane　self-cleaning　and　demonstrated　a　better　antifouling　behavior.　The　generation　of　free　radicals　was　triggered　by　the　addition　of　peroxymonosulfate　(PMS).　Furthermore,　the　impacts　of　operational　conditions　on　membrane　self-cleaning　performance　and　operation　stability　were　comprehensively　investigated.　©　2024　American　Chemical　Society.