Layered　oxide　materials　are　widely　used　in　the　field　of　energy　storage　and　conversion　due　to　their　high　specific　energy,　high　efficiency,　long　cycle　life,　and　high　safety.　Herein,　We　summarize　the　latest　research　progress　in　the　field　of　layered　metal　oxide　cathode　materials　from　three　aspects:　challenges　faced,　failure　mechanisms,　and　modification　methods.　We　also　compare　the　characteristics　of　lithium-based　layered　oxides　and　sodium-based　layered　oxides,　and　predict　future　development　directions.　The　layered　oxide　cathode　materials　for　sodium-ion　batteries　and　lithium-ion　batteries　exhibit　overall　structural　and　operational　similarities.　There　are　also　some　differences,　such　as　lattice　parameters　and　application　extent.　Sodium-ion　battery　cathode　materials　need　to　explore　new　materials　and　address　structural　instability　issues,　while　lithium-ion　batteries　require　finding　alternative　materials　and　improving　production　efficiency.　Future　challenges　for　both　types　of　materials　include　enhancing　capacity　and　cycle　performance,　elucidating　deep　mechanisms,　reducing　costs,　and　improving　resource　sustainability.　Future　development　should　focus　on　balancing　cycle　stability　and　charge　cut-off　voltage　to　meet　the　growing　demand　for　battery　applications.　We　comprehensively　summarize　and　analyze　the　latest　research　results　in　the　field　of　layered　oxide　cathode　materials　for　lithium-ion　and　sodium-ion　batteries,　covering　aspects　such　as　failure　mechanisms,　modification　methods,　electrochemical　performance,　and　comparisons　of　the　characteristics　of　layered　oxide　cathode　materials　in　lithium　and　sodium　batteries.image