In　the　low-carbon　environment,　green　manufacturing　by　manufacturers　often　requires　upstream　to　provide　precision　components.　However,　the　lack　of　production　experience　of　high-tech　upstream　leads　to　yield　uncertainty.　To　explore　the　impact　of　yield　uncertainty　on　green　supply　chain　operations　and　analyze　its　solution,　we　propose　a　contract　manufacturing　mode　with　technology　licensing　and　further　consider　pricing　licensing　or　production　licensing.　The　Stackelberg　game　is　employed　to　construct　these　three　models　and　a　benchmark　model　without　contract　manufacturing.　Moreover,　we　discuss　the　supplier＇s　mode　preference　by　numerical　analysis.　Our　findings　reveal　that　the　contract　manufacturing　mode　with　technology　licensing　mitigates　the　detrimental　influence　of　yield　uncertainty,　boosting　supplier　profitability　by　49.00%　and　manufacturer　profitability　by　61.76%　when　the　expected　yield　rate　is　small　or　the　expected　yield　rate　is　large　with　a　small　yield　fluctuation.　Furthermore,　when　both　expected　yield　rate　and　profit-sharing　ratio　are　low,　increased　yield　fluctuation　predominantly　affects　the　downstream,　whereas　a　win–win–win　situation　can　be　achieved　through　increased　profit-sharing　ratio.　Additionally,　compared　with　contract　manufacturing　mode　with　technology　licensing,　additional　pricing　licensing　or　production　licensing　augments　supplier　profitability　by　more　than　10.56%　in　certain　cases.　Interestingly,　improving　production　efficiency　may　not　enhance　the　contract　manufacturer　profitability　in　both　modes　due　to　potential　trade-offs　with　competition　and　the　high　cost.　This　paper　contributes　to　the　development　of　contract　manufacturing　policies,　guiding　suppliers　and　contract　manufacturers　towards　achieving　synergetic　economic　and　environmental　development.　Future　research　could　examine　the　applicability　of　the　proposed　contract　manufacturing　mode　in　various　industries　or　identify　additional　factors　affecting　supplier　profitability.　©　2024　Elsevier　Ltd