Background　and　objective:　Stress　urinary　incontinence　(SUI)　in　women　is　a　common　condition　that　affects　middle-aged　and　elderly　women.　Currently,　there　are　still　many　limitations　in　the　epidemiological　research　on　SUI.　This　study　aims　to　address　the　gap　in　the　prevalence　of　female　SUI　in　mainland　China　and　provide　theoretical　support　for　the　prevention　and　treatment　of　SUI.　Methods:　A　comprehensive　literature　search　was　conducted　on　the　prevalence　of　female　SUI　in　mainland　China,　systematically　searching　Chinese　and　English　databases　including　PubMed,　Web　of　Science,　Embase,　Cochrane　Library,　China　National　Knowledge　Infrastructure　(CNKI),　Wanfang　Database,　and　Weipu　Database　as　of　April　1,　2024.　Detailed　criteria　for　screening　and　exclusion　were　established.　The　prevalence　of　SUI　in　the　selected　studies　was　synthesized　using　Stata　MP　(version　15)　software,　and　a　multisubgroup　analysis,　a　sensitivity　analysis,　and　publication　bias　detection　of　the　prevalence　of　SUI　were　also　performed　using　the　software.　Additionally,　ArcGIS　software　(version　10.8)　and　Geoda　software　(version　1.2)　were　utilized　to　explore　the　geographical　distribution　characteristics　of　the　prevalence　of　female　SUI　in　mainland　China.　Key　findings　and　limitations:　A　total　of　688　articles　were　screened,　and　finally　85　articles　were　included.　The　overall　rate　of　female　SUI　in　mainland　China　was　24.5%　(95%　confidence　interval:　22.5–26.5%).　The　heterogeneity　of　the　study　is　statistically　significant　(I2　=　99.0%,　p　＜　0.001).　Based　on　significant　heterogeneity,　a　multisubgroup　analysis　was　conducted.　The　results　showed　that　the　prevalence　of　SUI　varies　among　different　publication　years,　literature　quality　scores,　investigators,　study　settings,　sampling　methods,　provinces,　regions,　coastal　or　inland　areas,　and　rural　or　urban　areas.　A　spatial　econometric　analysis　indicated　that　the　incidence　of　SUI　in　the　east-west　distribution　showed　a　downward　trend,　while　in　the　north-south　distribution,　the　incidence　rate　of　SUI　showed　a　trend　of　first　increasing　and　then　decreasing.　Additionally,　a　spatial　metrology　analysis　showed　similar　trends　in　the　distribution　of　SUI　incidence.　Conclusions　and　clinical　implications:　The　high　incidence　rate　of　female　SUI　in　mainland　China　and　the　regional　differences　observed　indicate　the　need　for　further　rigorous　epidemiological　investigation　in　the　future.　Patient　summary:　Stress　urinary　incontinence　(SUI)　is　common　among　middle-aged　and　elderly　women.　The　high　prevalence　of　SUI　in　mainland　China　and　the　differences　across　regions　emphasize　the　need　for　conducting　more　robust　epidemiological　studies　in　the　future.　©　2024　The　Authors