Engineered　cementitious　composites　(ECC)　with　superior　tensile　properties　have　potential　to　print　self-reinforced　structures.　However,　the　environmental　performance　of　3D　concrete　printing　with　ECC　(3DP-ECC)　lacks　further　investigation.　This　study　evaluates　the　environmental　impacts　of　structures　printed　with　3DP-ECC　via　life　cycle　assessment.　Results　show　that　3DP-ECC　incorporating　incineration　bottom　ash　(IBA),　crumb　rubber　(CR),　and　limestone　powder　(LP)　reduce　carbon　emission　by　25%,　24%,　and　47%,　respectively,　compared　to　that　of　reinforced　concrete　(RC)　with　a　steel　ratio　of　1.01%.　A　frame　structure　printed　by　LP-ECC　reduces　carbon　emission　by　42%　compared　to　that　of　the　unit　fabricated　by　mold-cast　RC　(MC-RC).　A　circle　house　printed　by　LP-ECC　reduces　carbon　emission　by　28%　compared　to　that　of　the　counterpart　fabricated　by　MC-RC.　Sensitivity　analysis　identifies　the　transportation　distance　range　to　achieve　a　sustainable　3DCP.　The　findings　provide　a　guideline　to　select　appropriate　3DP-ECC　and　construction　methods　for　sustainable　construction.　©　2024　The　Author(s).　Published　by　Informa　UK　Limited,　trading　as　Taylor　&　Francis　Group.