Recycled　aggregate　concrete　is　an　effective　solution　for　efficiently　managing　municipal　construction　waste　on　a　large　scale.　Shear　bearing　capacity　(SBC)　is　significant　for　reinforced　concrete　structures,　and　it　is　essential　to　develop　trustworthy　calculation　models　for　structural　design.　This　paper　proposes　a　tree　model-based　SBC　assessment　system　that　considers　eight　design　parameters　of　reinforced　recycled　concrete　beams　(RRCBs).　Evaluation　results　revealed　that　the　extreme　gradient　boosting　model　yielded　the　highest　prediction　accuracy　with　an　R2　of　0.960　and　a　mean　absolute　percentage　error　of　7.343%.　To　reduce　the　risk　of　black-box　models,　this　study　conducted　feature　importance　calculations,　sensitivity　analyses　and　reliability　validation　of　the　prediction　results.　The　findings　demonstrated　that　increasing　the　hoop　reinforcement　ratio　and　beam　width　significantly　improved　the　SBC　of　RRCB.　The　compressive　strength　and　longitudinal　reinforcement　ratio　had　positive　effects　on　the　SBC,　while　longitudinal　steel　bar　yield　strength　had　no　effect　on　the　SBC.　These　analyses　can　be　combined　with　physical　mechanisms　to　better　refine　the　performance　design.　Furthermore,　a　comparative　study　utilizing　two　commonly　used　standard　formulas　was　conducted.　The　results　indicated　that　the　SBCs　estimated　using　the　tree　model　are　more　accurate　than　those　calculated　by　the　standard　formulas.