As　diseases,　natural　disasters,　and　man-made　disruptions　become　more　frequent　and　severe,　enhancing　the　resilience　of　agri-food　supply　chain　operations　poses　an　increasing　challenge.This　study　aims　to　identify　and　analyze　the　key　capabilities　and　impact　factors　contributing　to　agri-food　supply　chain　resilience　(AFSCRE).　By　conducting　a　comprehensive　literature　review　and　engaging　in　expert　consultations,　fifteen　significant　capability　factors　were　identified.　We　utilized　the　decision　making　trial　and　evaluation　laboratory　(DEMATEL)　technique　to　determine　and　categorize　AFSCRE　factors　into　cause　and　effect　groups.　Subsequently,　we　employed　interpretive　structural　modelling　and　a　cross-impact　matrix　multiplication　applied　to　classification　(ISM-MICMAC)　to　establish　interrelationships　among　these　factors.　The　results　indicated　supply　chain　leadership　is　a　fundamental　factor　for　fostering　AFSCRE,　which　is　located　at　the　bottom　level　of　ISM　hierarchy.　Moreover,　the　study　identifies　the　importance　of　government　support　in　developing　AFSCRE.　The　findings　of　this　study　can　guide　supply　chain　leaders　and　government　officials　to　initiate　targeted　activities　for　improving　resilience.　©　The　Author(s),　under　exclusive　licence　to　Springer　Science+Business　Media,　LLC,　part　of　Springer　Nature　2024.