Nanovaccines　have　gathered　significant　attention　for　their　potential　to　elicit　tumor-specific　immunological　responses.　Despite　notable　progress　in　tumor　immunotherapy,　nanovaccines　still　encounter　considerable　challenges　such　as　low　delivery　efficiency,　limited　targeting　ability,　and　suboptimal　efficacy.　With　an　aim　of　addressing　these　issues,　engineering　customized　nanovaccines　through　modification　or　functionalization　has　emerged　as　a　promising　approach.　These　tailored　nanovaccines　not　only　enhance　antigen　presentation,　but　also　effectively　modulate　immunosuppression　within　the　tumor　microenvironment.　Specifically,　they　are　distinguished　by　their　diverse　sizes,　shapes,　charges,　structures,　and　unique　physicochemical　properties,　along　with　targeting　ligands.　These　features　of　nanovaccines　facilitate　lymph　node　accumulation　and　activation/regulation　of　immune　cells.　This　overview　of　bespoke　nanovaccines　underscores　their　potential　in　both　prophylactic　and　therapeutic　applications,　offering　insights　into　their　future　development　and　role　in　cancer　immunotherapy.　©　2024　The　Authors