Solar-driven　photocatalytic　hydrogen　peroxide　(H2O2)　production　presents　a　promising　avenue　for　achieving　sustainable　water　disinfection.　However,　the　development　of　a　robust　and　durable　system　for　practical　applications　remains　a　notable　and　unresolved　challenge.　Herein,　a　star　photocatalyst,　the　covalent　organic　frameworks　(COFs),　was　modified　with　CdS　for　boosting　environmentally　benign　H2O2　synthesis.　Under　simulated　sunlight　and　without　sacrificial　reagents,　the　composite　material　exhibited　a　boosting　capacity　for　H2O2　production,　which　was　attributable　to　the　establishment　of　a　＇step＇　(S)-scheme　transfer　pathway　and　facilitation　of　adequate　oxygen　diffusion.　Nevertheless,　it　was　found　that　photocatalytically　derived　H2O2　alone　exhibited　inefficient　disinfection　performance,　whereas　the　addition　of　Fe(II)　allowed　rapid　inactivation　of　Escherichia　coli,　emphasizing　the　pivotal　importance　of　integrating　photocatalysis　and　Fenton　reactions　within　the　photocatalytic　H2O2　production　system.　Furthermore,　a　dual-compartment　reactor,　employing　a　semipermeable　membrane,　was　devised　to　spatially　segregate　photocatalysts　from　microorganisms.　Such　an　operation　mode　enabled　H2O2　diffusion　from　the　photocatalytic　compartment　to　the　microbial　compartment,　thereby　achieving　a　＇long-distance＇　sterilization　manner　and　simultaneous　consummating　recovery　strategy　of　the　photocatalysts.　This　study　not　only　provides　a　paradigmatic　approach　for　boosting　the　production　of　H2O2　from　a　COF-based　material　but　also　illuminates　an　innovative　technological　option　for　sustainable　photocatalytic-based　water　disinfection.　©　2023　American　Chemical　Society.