Solar-driven　photocatalytic　hydrogen　peroxide　(H2O2)　production　presents　a　promising　avenue　for　achieving　sustainable　water　disinfection.　However,　the　development　of　a　robust　and　durable　system　for　practical　applications　remains　a　notable　and　unresolved　challenge.　Herein,　a　star　photocatalyst,　the　covalent　organic　frameworks　(COFs),　was　modified　with　CdS　for　boosting　environmentally　benign　H2O2　synthesis.　Under　simulated　sunlight　and　without　sacrificial　reagents,　the　composite　material　exhibited　a　boosting　capacity　for　H2O2　production,　which　was　attributable　to　the　establishment　of　a　＂step＂　(S)-scheme　transfer　pathway　and　facilitation　of　adequate　oxygen　diffusion.　Nevertheless,　it　was　found　that　photocatalytically　derived　H2O2　alone　exhibited　inefficient　disinfection　performance,　whereas　the　addition　of　Fe-(II)　allowed　rapid　inactivation　of　Escherichia　coli,　emphasizing　the　pivotal　importance　of　integrating　photocatalysis　and　Fenton　reactions　within　the　photocatalytic　H2O2　production　system.　Furthermore,　a　dual-compartment　reactor,　employing　a　semipermeable　membrane,　was　devised　to　spatially　segregate　photocatalysts　from　microorganisms.　Such　an　operation　mode　enabled　H2O2　diffusion　from　the　photocatalytic　compartment　to　the　microbial　compartment,　thereby　achieving　a　＂long-distance＂　sterilization　manner　and　simultaneous　consummating　recovery　strategy　of　the　photocatalysts.　This　study　not　only　provides　a　paradigmatic　approach　for　boosting　the　production　of　H2O2　from　a　COF-based　material　but　also　illuminates　an　innovative　technological　option　for　sustainable　photocatalytic-based　water　disinfection.