Metal-organic　frameworks　(MOFs)　or　covalent-organic　frameworks　(COFs)　have　gained　increasing　attentions　due　to　their　high　surface　area,　tunable　structure,　highly　ordered　pores　and　functional　composition.　Besides　their　applications　in　gas　adsorption　and　separation,　hydrogen　storage,　optics,　magnetism　and　drug　delivery,　they　have　been　widely　employed　as　cathodes,　anodes　and　separators　for　the　research　and　development　in　lithium-ion　batteries　(LIBs)　due　to　the　tunable　structure,　multi-electron　transfer,　short　pathway,　and　robust　structural　stability,etc.　This　review　summarizes　the　general　applied　strategies　and　cases　of　MOF,　COF　and　their　composites　as　well　as　derivatives　in　LIBs.　Compared　to　inorganic　materials,　the　advantages　of　MOF/COF　materials　have　made　it　possible　to　witness　various　successful　cases　with　enhanced　electrochemical　performances.　Moreover,　this　review　provides　some　guidance　for　the　controllable　preparation　and　modification　of　MOF-　and　COF-derived　nanostructures　through　molecular　engineering,　rational　design,　and　doping,　as　well　as　functional　group　modifications.　In　addition,　we　highlight　timely　progresses　of　the　application　of　organic　frameworks　in　LIBs,　and　also　summarize　many　strategies　of　MOF/COF　materials　and　their　derivatives　on　enhancing　the　energy　density,　diffusion　coefficient,　rate　performance　and　cycling　stability　for　next-generation　LIBs　with　attractive　features　of　high　energy　density,　good　rate　performance,　and　superior　cyclability.