Water　polluted　by　pharmaceutically　active　compounds　(PhACs)　and　water-borne　pathogens　urgently　need　to　develop　eco-friendly　and　advanced　water　treatment　techniques.　This　paper　evaluates　the　potential　of　using　calcium　peroxide　(CaO2),　a　safe　and　biocompatible　oxidant　both　PhACs　(thiamphenicol,　florfenicol,　carbamazepine,　phenobarbital,　and　primidone)　and　pathogens　(Escherichia　coli,　Staphylococcus　aureus)　in　water.　This　paper　evaluates　the　potential　of　using　calcium　peroxide　(CaO2)　as　a　safe　and　biocompatible　oxidant　to　remove　both　PhACs　(thiamphenicol,　florfenicol,　carbamazepine,　phenobarbital,　and　primidone)　and　pathogens　(Escherichia　coli,　Staphylococcus　aureus)　in　water.　The　increased　CaO2　dosage　increased　efficiencies　of　PhACs　attenuation　and　pathogens　inactivation,　and　both　exhibited　pseudo-first-order　degradation　kinetics　(R2　＞　0.90).　PhACs　attenuation　were　mainly　via　oxidization　(H2O2,　center　dot　OH/O　center　dot-,　and　O2　center　dot-　)　and　alkaline　hydrolysis　(OH-　)　from　CaO2.　Moreover,　concentrations　of　these　reactive　species　and　their　contributions　to　PhACs　attenuation　were　quantified,　and　mechanistic　model　was　established　and　validated.　Besides,　possible　transformation　pathways　of　target　PhACs　except　primidone　were　proposed.　As　for　pathogen　indicators,　the　suitable　inactivation　dosage　of　CaO2　was　0.1　g　L-1.　The　oxidability　(18-64%)　and　alkalinity　(82-36%)　generated　from　CaO2　played　vital　roles　in　pathogen　inactivation.　In　addition,　CaO2　at　0.01-0.1　g　L-1　can　be　applied　in　remediation　of　SW　contaminated　by　PhACs　and　pathogenic　bacteria,　which　can　degrade　target　PhACs　with　efficiencies　of　21-100%　under　0.01　g　L-1　CaO2,　and　inactivate　100%　of　test　bacteria　under　0.1　g　L-1　CaO2.　In　short,　capability　of　CaO2　to　remove　target　PhACs　and　microbial　pathogens　reveals　its　potential　to　be　used　as　a　representative　technology　for　the　advanced　treatment　of　waters　contaminated　by　organic　compounds　and　microbial　pathogens.