A　metal-organic　framework　(MOF)　is　a　porous　coordination　material　composed　of　multidentate　organic　ligands　and　metal　ions　or　metal　clusters.　Due　to　the　designability　of　MOF　structures,　many　scholars　have　paid　attention　to　the　interaction　mechanism　between　metal-organic-framework-based　(MOF-based)　photocatalytic　nanocomposite　materials　and　microorganisms.　In　this　review,　recent　progress　in　the　photocatalytic　inactivation　of　pathogenic　microorganisms　using　MOF-based　composite　photocatalysts　is　summarized.　The　focus　is　on　the　photocatalytic　removal　efficiency　and　mechanism　characteristics　of　MOF-based　composites　for　bacteria,　algae,　and　viruses.　Finally,　the　development　prospects　and　challenges　of　MOF-based　composite　materials　in　the　application　of　photocatalytic　inactivation　of　microorganisms　are　proposed.　We　hope　this　review　will　be　helpful　for　designing　more　MOF-based　composite　materials　with　greater　photocatalytic　performance　for　the　inactivation　of　microorganisms　in　the　environment.