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Abstract:
The zoning characteristics of alteration and mineralization are the key to establish the deposit model and prospecting prediction of the porphyry-epithermal copper-gold metallogenic system. The Čukaru Peki is a newly discovered giant porphyry-epithermal copper-gold deposit (upper zone: copper 1.54 million tons @ 2.45%, gold 86 t @ 1.37 g/t, lower zone: copper 14.28 million tons @ 0.83%, gold 295 tons @ 0.17 g/t) in Timok, Serbia, Western Tethys. The orebodies are mainly hosted in the late Cretaceous plagioclase andesite, and research on its alteration and mineralization zoning characteristics and prospecting potential is rare. In this paper, we integrated drill hole logging with short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectral analysis, microscopic observation, and sulfide EMPA results of rock and ore samples, and the characteristics of hydrothermal alteration and sulfide zoning were determined, and its implication for exploration was discussed. We found that the deposit has zoning characteristics of high-sulfidation epithermal copper-gold mineralization in the upper part, transitional copper-gold mineralization in the middle part, and porphyry copper-gold mineralization in the lower part. The zoning characteristics of hydrothermal alteration in the mining area are apparent. The porphyry intrusion is the centre of the porphyry-type copper-gold mineralization, and potassic alteration zone, propylitic alteration zone, chlorite-white mica zone, and quartz-white mica-zone are developed sequentially outwards. The wavelength of the white mica SWIR Al-OH 2200 nm peak position in the chlorite-white mica zone is generally higher than that in the quartz-white-mica zone. The transitional mineralization develops diaspore-pyrophyllite alterations and dickite-kaolinite superimposed with phyllic alterations. The upper high-sulfidation epithermal copper-gold mineralization develops advanced argillic, which can be divided into quartz-alunite, dickite-kaolinite and montmorillonite from inside outside. Metallic mineral assemblages also have prominent zoning characteristics: the deep to shallow zonation of chalcopyrite + bornite → chalcopyrite + pyrite + (magnetite ± hematite) for the lower porphyry copper-gold mineralization; the mainly tennantite + (bornite + chalcopyrite + digenite + covellite) for the transitional copper-gold mineralization; enargite + covellite for the upper high-sulfidation epithermal copper-gold type mineralization. Overall, the lower part of the ore deposit is a Cu-Fe-S system, the middle part runs through the Cu-As-Sb-S system, and it transforms upwards into a Cu-S system. The sulfide assemblage changes from the high-temperature and low-sulfidation state in the deep early stage to the low-temperature and high-sulfidation state in the mid-shallow at the late stages. In summary, combined with the geochemical data, we established a hydrothermal alteration and sulfide assemblage zoning model and speculated that there is an excellent mineralization potential in the northwestern and deep part of the Čukaru Peki copper-gold deposit. This model presented may have important implications for deep exploration of the Zijinshan gold-copper deposit and late Cretaceous porphyry-epithermal copper-gold deposits in the Gangdise metallogenic belts. © 2023 Science Press. All rights reserved.
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Geotectonica et Metallogenia
ISSN: 1001-1552
CN: 44-1595/P
Year: 2023
Issue: 5
Volume: 47
Page: 1085-1109
Cited Count:
WoS CC Cited Count: 0
SCOPUS Cited Count: 1
ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All
WanFang Cited Count:
Chinese Cited Count:
30 Days PV: 7
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