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Abstract:
Boosting the application of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) requires the development of economical and high-performance anode materials. Here, we report a low-cost, environmentally friendly, and scalable preparation method to prepare hard carbon (HC) from a corn starch precursor by bioenzymatic action. This strategy can effectively inhibit the serious foaming of starch during pretreatment and make the internal microstructure of HC have a larger interlayer distance, a more disordered structure, and higher C═O content. As an anode for SIB, the enzymatic-assisted synthesis of HC has a high reversible capacity of 346 mAh·g-1, an initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of up to 91%, and a remarkably enhanced sodium-ion transport kinetics of 271 mAh·g-1 at 5C. Moreover, it displays extremely high retention of 92% after 2500 cycles at 1C and 93% after 6500 cycles at 3C. Such HC reaches all of the performance indicators for anode materials as well as a low surface area, demonstrating the advancement of this synthetic strategy in fabricating practical HC. In addition, the full-cell, by coupling with a Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) cathode, delivers a high capacity of 323 mAh·g-1 at 1C from the anode side, an outstanding rate capability of 313 mAh·g-1 at 5C, and good cycling performance. These satisfactory electrochemical properties, combined with renewable resources and scalable synthesis routes, enable the present HC to become a practical SIB anode. © 2023 American Chemical Society.
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ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering
Year: 2023
Issue: 41
Volume: 11
Page: 15020-15030
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