The　failure　of　ancient　rock　ruins　is　affected　by　freeze-thaw　cycles　is　an　important　phenomenon　in　cold　region.　The　degree　of　freeze-thaw　damage　be　significantly　influenced　and　show　an　obvious　difference　during　the　complex　solution　environments.　However,　few　studies　have　been　conducted　to　investigate　the　combined　effects　of　complex　solution　environments　and　freeze-thaw　(F-T)　cycles　to　the　crack　propagation　mechanism　of　loading　freezethawed　sandstones.　To　study　the　coupling　effects　of　complex　solution　environments　and　freeze-thaw　on　argillaceous　sandstone　in　ancient　ruins,　the　physical　and　mechanical　properties　were　investigated　through　weighing　tests,　ultrasonic　tests,　and　uniaxial　compression　tests.　The　complete　failure　process　of　each　sample　was　concurrently　monitored　using　a　combination　of　AE　and　MS　techniques.　The　crack　propagation　mechanism　at　different　scales　was　systematacially　investigated　through　a　comparative　analysis　of　microseismic　(MS)　and　acoustic　emission　(AE)　signal　characteristics.　Additionally,　the　orthogonal　test　was　designed　to　effectively　analyse　the　sensitivity　of　the　primary　influencing　factors　to　freeze-thawed　damage.　The　findings　indicate　that:(1)　NaCl　concentration　influences　the　frost　heave　force　and　salt　crystallization　pressure.　While　pH　levels　impact　the　integrity　of　the　rock　structure,　leading　to　significant　changes　in　volume　expansion　and　frost　heave　force.　These　aspects　are　regarded　as　the　main　causes　of　sandstone　softening.　(2)　Compared　to　the　NaCl　concentration,　varying　pH　have　a　more　pronounced　effect　on　the　freeze-thawed　damage.　(3)　The　micro-cracks　propagation　during　loading　process　is　classified　into　three　stages:　initial　compaction,　incubation,　and　rapid　propagation.　The　macrocracks　propagation　is　divided　into　two　stages:　uniform　propagation　and　rapid　propagation.　With　the　increase　of　NaCl　concentration　and　acidity　of　solution,　the　relative　duration　of　incubation　in　micro-cracks　propagation　decreased,　while　the　relative　duration　of　uniform　propagation　in　macro-cracks　increased.　When　NaCl　concentration　and　acidity　surpass　a　specific　threshold,　both　the　micro-cracks　and　macro-cracks　rapidly　propagate　from　the　beginning　of　the　loading　process.