Distributions　of　hardness,　elastic　modulus,　yield　strength,　and　residual　stress　within　the　shot-peened　layer　of　nickel-based　single　crystal　superalloy　were　measured　by　instrumented　indentation　with　Berkovich　indenter　under　a　constant　indentation　displacement　of　400 nm.　Elastic　modulus　is　little　affected　by　shot　peening,　while　yield　strength　calculated　by　Nobre’s　method　is　significantly　increased.　The　hardness　and　residual　stress　calculated　by　Vickers　hardness　testing　are　also　proportional　to　the　results　by　instrumented　indentation.　Indentation　parameters　such　as　hardness,　indentation　work,　and　contact　area　linearly　depend　on　residual　stress.　Microstructures　observed　by　SEM　and　EBSD　show　that　the　crystal　orientation　is　severely　distorted　within　20 μm　from　the　peened　surface.　The　thickness　of　the　plastic　deformation　layer　measured　by　EBSD　is　60 μm.　XRD　results　show　that　the　number　of　diffraction　peaks　increases　after　shot　peening,　indicating　the　transformation　from　single　crystal　to　polycrystalline　structure;　residual　stress,　domain　size,　microstrain,　and　dislocation　density　of　shot-peened　layer　are　−　837.5 MPa,　12.88–37.68 nm,　4.39–6.17　×　10–3,　and　4.84–8.15　×　1015 m−2,　respectively.　The　values　of　residual　stress　calculated　by　different　nanoindentation　models　are　different,　but　they　are　proportional　to　one　another　with　a　similar　variation　within　the　shot-peened　surface.　David’s　model　is　the　most　suitable　one　to　assess　residual　stresses　of　single　crystals　by　performing　nanoindentation　tests　on　the　side　surface　that　is　perpendicular　to　the　peened　surface.　The　maximum　compressive　residual　stress　calculated　by　David＇s　model　is　1.26 GPa　at　the　depth　of　38 μm,　and　the　total　depth　of　compressive　residual　stress　is　about　130 μm.　Graphical　abstract:　[Figure　not　available:　see　fulltext.].　©　2023,　The　Author(s)　under　exclusive　licence　to　The　Korean　Institute　of　Metals　and　Materials.