At　present,　the　global　tunnel　construction　industry　is　developing　rapidly,　but　construction　accidents　are　also　common.　A　large　number　of　casualties　and　property　losses　are　alarming　people.　It　is　urgent　to　pay　attention　to　the　causes　of　tunnel　construction　accidents,　ensure　the　safety　of　construction　sites,　and　reduce　tunnel　construction　accidents.　Through　literature　and　case　analysis,　we　have　sorted　out　35　typical　tunnel　causative　factors　for　research　and　analysis,　which　are　divided　into　7　types.　Based　on　the　variable　system,　we　prepared　a　measurement　questionnaire,　and　536　valid　questionnaires　were　collected.　The　structural　equation　model　(SEM)　was　used　to　study　the　relationship　between　these　variables.　The　influence　mechanism　and　interaction　relationship　between　the　variables　are　analyzed　in　depth　in　terms　of　influence　intensity　and　path　coefficient.　The　results　showed　that　the　following　six　latent　variables　significantly　influence　tunnel　construction　accidents:　human　factors,　material　factors,　geological　exploration　design,　technical　management,　safety　management,　and　natural　conditions.　Natural　conditions　have　the　most　significant　impact,　followed　by　human　factors　and　safety　management.　Particular　attention　should　be　paid　to　education,　training,　and　safety　management　in　construction　risk　control.　The　structural　model　and　research　results　are　helpful　to　establish　the　cause　theory　of　tunnel　construction　accidents,　and　guide　the　formulation　of　safety　management　policies　for　tunnel　construction　projects,　reduce　tunnel　accidents　and　ensure　construction　safety.　©　2023　The　Authors