The　constant　application　of　manure-based　fertilizers　in　vegetable　farms　leads　to　antibiotic　residue　accumulation　in　soils,　which　has　become　a　major　stressor　affecting　agroecosystem　stability.　The　present　study　investigated　the　adaptation　profiles　of　rhizosphere　microbial　communities　in　different　vegetable　farms　to　multiple　residual　antibiotics.　Multiple　antibiotics,　including　trimethoprim,　sulfonamides,　quinolones,　tetracyclines,　macrolides,　lincomycins,　and　chloramphenicols,　were　detected　in　the　vegetable　farms;　the　dominant　antibiotic　(trimethoprim)　had　a　maximum　concentration　of　36.7　ng/g.　Quinolones　and　tetracyclines　were　the　most　prevalent　antibiotics　in　the　vegetable　farms.　The　five　most　abundant　phyla　in　soil　samples　were　Proteobacteria,　Actinobacteria,　Acidobacteria,　Chloroflexi　and　Firmicutes,　while　the　five　most　abundant　phyla　in　root　samples　were　Proteobacteria,　Actinobacteria,　Bacteroidetes,　Firmicutes　and　Myxococcota.　Macrolides　were　significantly　correlated　with　microbial　community　composition　changes　in　soil　samples,　while　sulfonamides　were　significantly　correlated　with　microbial　community　composition　changes　in　root　samples.　Soil　properties　(total　carbon　and　nitrogen　contents　and　pH)　influenced　the　shifts　in　microbial　communities　in　rhizosphere　soils　and　roots.　This　study　provides　evidence　that　low　residual　antibiotic　levels　in　vegetable　farms　can　shift　microbial　community　structures,　potentially　affecting　agroecosystem　stability.　However,　the　degree　to　which　the　shift　occurs　could　be　regulated　by　environmental　factors,　such　as　soil　nutrient　conditions.　©　2023　by　the　authors.