Sustainable　development　is　the　global　overarching　paradigm　and　essential　for　achieving　economic,　social,　and　environmental　development.　The　primary　goal　of　this　study　is　to　compare　the　efficiency　of　sustainable　development　and　evaluate　its　influencing　factors　across　the　BRICS　(Brazil,　Russia,　India,　China,　and　South　Africa)　and　G7　(Canada,　France,　Germany,　Italy,　Japan,　the　United　Kingdom,　and　United　States)　countries　by　examining　total　factor　productivity,　efficiency　change,　and　technological　change.　For　this,　we　adopted　the　super-efficiency　SBM-DEA　model　with　undesirable　output　and　Global　Malmquist-Luenberger　(GML)　productivity　index　model　to　overcome　inaccurate　efficiency　results　while　avoiding　environmentally　unwanted　outputs　and　to　resolve　the　shortcomings　of　the　conventional　Malmquist-Luenberger　index.　It　is　also　necessary　to　explore　relevant　influencing　factors　on　the　environmental　pollution　thereby　affects　the　sustainable　development　efficiency　of　the　study　countries,　thus,　this　study　employed　STIRPAT　approach.　A　panel　data　of　BRICS　and　G7　countries　from　2005　to　2015　is　used.　The　findings　reveal　that　sustainable　total　factor　productivity　(GML)　in　China　(1.0165),　the　US　(1.0150),　and　UK　(1.0024)　is　on　the　rise.　China　is　also　one　of　the　countries　that　experienced　the　highest　positive　efficiency　change　(GMLEC)　(1.0147)　and　the　US　has　the　highest　positive　technical　change　(GMLTC)　(1.0103).　Contrarily,　Russia　experienced　the　highest　decline　in　GMLTC　(0.9316)　as　well　as　GML　indexes　(0.9337),　whereas　South　Africa　experienced　the　highest　decline　in　GMLEC　(0.9707).　Additionally,　GDP　per　capita　(.0969)　and　population　(.4178)　have　a　positive　influence　on　CO2　emissions　in　the　BRICS　countries,　whereas　in　the　G7　nations,　GDP　per　capita　(-.2180)　and　population　(-.1249)　have　negative　influences　on　CO2　emissions.　The　study　also　offers　practical　recommendations　to　address　identified　limitations　and　improve　sustainable　productivity　and　environmental　efficiency.　The　inverse　link　between　GDP　and　CO2　emissions　might　imply　that　the　G7　nations　have　passed　the　turning　point　on　an　environmental　Kuznets　curve　(EKC),　but　this　finding　does　not　support　the　EKC　hypothesis　in　the　BRICS　nations.