With　the　development　of　Chinese　economy,　more　and　more　attention　has　been　paid　to　environmental　protection,　the　implementation　of　water　price　policy　affects　economic　and　environmental　changes　in　China.　This　paper　analyzes　the　impact　of　water　price　policy　on　agricultural　land　use　and　the　scale　of　water　pollution　discharge　in　240　cities　in　China　between　2001　and　2017,　by　including　data　from　China　Urban　Statistical　Yearbook　and　China　Land　&　Resources　Almanac.　The　theoretical　analysis　of　this　study　indicates　that　the　optimal　scale　of　pollution　depends　on　the　local　initial　endowment,　economic　investment　capital　and　the　marginal　cost　of　environmental　pollution　caused　by　government＇s　economic　activities.　Furtherly,　the　economic　activities　have　a　worsening　impact　on　environmental　pollution,　but　when　the　government　implements　environmental　protection　and　water　price　policy　measures　in　response　to　environmental　pollution　caused　by　economic　activities,　it　has　a　significant　impact　on　the　decline　in　the　scale　of　pollution.　The　government　has　promoted　the　pollution　suppression　model　in　the　formulation　of　water　prices,　which　has　internalized　the　external　cost　of　pollution　in　economic　activities　and　can　effectively　reduce　the　scale　of　agricultural　water　pollution　discharge.　©　2020　Elsevier　B.V.