Due　to　the　extremely　tiny　size,　micro-nanorobots　hold　promise　in　performing　tasks　at　the　micro-nanoscale,　which　is　impossible　for　macroscale　robots.　However,　the　massive　fabrication　of　micro-nanorobots　is　of　crucial　challenge　and　has　been　attracting　extensive　attention　among　academics.　Active　colloids　can　be　self-assembled　into　ordered　structures,　and　offer　a　promising　solution　to　this　largescale　manufacture　challenge.　Here,　we　summarize　the　development　and　mechanisms　of　different　assembly　technologies　in　the　past　two　decades,　and　introduce　the　applications　of　micro-nanorobots　using　self-assembly　strategies　in　biomedical　and　physical　fields.　For　clarification,　the　self-assembly　mechanisms　are　presented　in　three　categories:　chemical,　physical　and　biological.　The　manufacture　of　micro-nanorobots　through　self-assembly　not　only　solves　the　problem　of　large-scale　manufacturing,　but　also　increases　the　reconfigurability　of　structure　and　improves　their　adaptability　to　the　environment,　which　promises　further　development　as　microsurgeons　and　the　application　of　micro-nanorobots　in　other　fields,　such　as　environmental　restoration　and　micro-manipulation.　©　2021　Wiley-VCH　GmbH