Clean　water　resources　are　essential　to　our　human　society.　Oil　leakage　has　caused　water　contamination,　which　leads　to　serious　shortage　of　clean　water,　environmental　deterioration,　and　even　increasing　number　of　deaths.　It　is　of　great　urgency　to　solve　the　oil-polluted　water　problems　worldwide.　Efficient　oil/water　separation,　especially　emulsified　oil/water　mixture　separation,　is　widely　used　to　mitigate　water　pollution　issues.　Recently,　advanced　materials　with　special　wettability　have　been　employed　for　oily　wastewater　remediation.　Moreover,　by　endowing　them　with　various　intelligent　functions,　smart　materials　can　effectively　separate　complex　oil/water　mixtures　including　extremely　stable　emulsions.　In　this　review,　oil/water　separation　mechanisms　and　various　fabrication　methods　of　special　wettability　separation　materials　are　summarized.　We　highlight　the　special　wettable　materials　with　intelligent　functions,　including　photocatalytic,　self-healing,　and　switchable　oil/water　separation　materials,　which　can　achieve　self-cleaning,　self-healing,　and　efficient　oily　wastewater　treatment.　In　each　section,　the　acting　mechanisms,　fabricating　technologies,　representative　studies,　and　separation　efficiency　are　briefly　introduced.　Lastly,　the　challenges　and　outlook　for　oil/water　separation　based　on　the　special　wettability　materials　are　discussed.