Dy3+-doped　cerium　phosphate　(CePO4)　one-dimensional　nanomaterials　were　synthesized　by　a　hydrothermal　method,　using　cerium　nitrate　and　dysprosium　nitrate　as　raw　materials,　and　surfactant　P123　as　template.　The　phase　structure　and　morphology　were　characterized.　The　results　show　that　the　maximum　length　of　the　Dy3+-doped　CePO4　nanowire　reaches　1　μm.　Compared　with　pure　CePO4,　the　morphology　of　the　Dy3+-doped　hexagonal　CePO4　one-dimensional　nanomaterial　is　the　same　as　that　of　pure　CePO4,　but　the　photoluminescence　emission　is　greatly　enhanced　at　a　wavelength　of　348　nm,　and　some　samples　could　reach　emission　levels　3-4　times　that　of　pure　CePO4.　The　photoluminescence　intensity　of　Dy3+-doped　CePO4　one-dimensional　nanomaterial　tends　to　first　increase　then　decrease　with　the　increasing　of　the　amount　of　Dy3+.　The　photoluminescence　intensity　of　the　Ce0.95Dy0.05PO4　sample　was　the　strongest.　Therefore,　cerium　phosphate　one-dimensional　nanomaterial,　with　its　superior　photoluminescence,　has　potential　in　many　other　fields　such　as　optics　and　electronics.