The　complexity　of　proteomics　challenges　current　methods　to　provide　all　peptide　mass　fingerprints　in　an　ensemble　measurement　of　various　proteins　at　differing　concentrations.　To　detect　those　low-abundance　proteins,　nanotechnology　provides　a　technical　platform　to　improve　biocompatibility,　specificity,　reproducibility,　and　robustness　of　the　current　proteomic　methods.　Here,　we　comprehensively　analyze　the　weaknesses　of　traditional　proteomic　methods　and　evaluate　the　importance　of　nanomaterials　in　significantly　improving　the　quality　of　proteomic　methods　by　manipulating　individual　proteins.　We　also　illustrate　how　the　large　surface-to-volume　ratio　of　nanomaterials　can　facilitate　mass　transfer,　enhance　the　efficiency　of　separation　and　high-throughput　capability,　and　reduce　assay　time　and　sample　consumption.　The　marriage　of　the　two　subjects　and　the　resulting　new　nanoproteomics　will　revolutionize　proteomics　research.　©　2012　Elsevier　Ltd.