In　order　to　reveal　the　Hormesis　effect　of　antibiotics　on　bacterial,　the　adverse　effects　of　chloramphenicol　on　the　luminescence　and　cell　proliferation　(0　to　24　h)　of　Vibrio　fischeri　(V.　fischeri)　were　investigated.　It　was　found　that　an　obvious　stimulation　effect　at　the　low　concentration　would　occur　on　the　luminescence　intensity　at　the　lag　phase　of　V.　fischeri　under　the　action　of　chloramphenicol.　A　possible　mechanism　hypothesis　of　the　stimulation　effect　was　then　proposed,　based　on　the　light　emitting　mechanisms　and　the　quantum　chemical　parameters　calculated　by　Gaussian　09.　It　was　supposed　that　because　of　a　higher　value　of　the　most　positive　charge　of　the　H　atoms　of　chloramphenicol　than　NADH,　chloramphenicol　could　act　as　proton　donors　to　provide　protons　which　were　essential　for　the　light　emitting　process,　instead　of　NADH,　and　stimulated　the　light　emitting　of　the　bacteria.　©　2016,　Science　Press.　All　right　reserved.